Table 4.

Correlations between ultrasound shear wave elastography measurements and histopathology scores, including by bowel wall individual histological layer, from resected pediatric strictured ileal segments (n=18)

Histological layer	Median BW SWS (0%)	Median BW SWS (10%)	Median BW SWS (20%)	Median RLQ SWS (0%)	Median RLQ SWS (10%)	Median RLQ SWS (20%)
Mucosa
Active inflammation	−0.13 [−0.57, 0.38] (0.62)	-0.50 [−0.79, −0.02] (0.04)	−0.29 [−0.68, 0.22] (0.24)	−0.39 [−0.73, 0.11] (0.11)	-0.53 [−0.80, −0.07] (0.02)	-0.69 [−0.88, −0.32] (0.0015)
Chronic inflammation	0.15 [−0.36, 0.58] (0.56)	0.17 [−0.33, 0.60] (0.49)	−0.07 [−0.53, 0.42] (0.78)	−0.01 [−0.49, 0.47] (0.95)	0.01 [−0.47, 0.49] (0.95)	−0.21 [−0.63, 0.29] (0.39)
Fibrosis	0.41 [−0.10, 0.75] (0.10)	0.47 [−0.03, 0.78] (0.06)	0.48 [−0.02, 0.79] (0.053)	0.15 [−0.37, 0.60] (0.55)	0.27 [−0.26, 0.67] (0.29)	0.19 [−0.33, 0.62] (0.46)
Smooth muscle hypertrophy	0.24 [−0.29, 0.65] (0.36)	−0.05 [−0.53, 0.45] (0.84)	0.33 [−0.19, 0.71] (0.19)	−0.09 [−0.56, 0.42] (0.73)	0.18 [−0.35, 0.62] (0.50)	0.11 [−0.40, 0.57] (0.67)
Submucosa
Active inflammation	−0.11 [−0.56, 0.39] (0.67)	−0.35 [−0.71, 0.15] (0.16)	−0.24 [−0.64, 0.27] (0.34)	−0.34 [−0.70, 0.16] (0.17)	−0.43 [0.7–6, 0.06] (0.07)	−0.43 [−0.76, 0.05] (0.07)
Chronic inflammation	−0.32 [−0.70, 0.18] (0.19)	−0.05 [−0.52, 0.44] (0.83)	−0.11 [−0.56, 0.39] (0.67)	−0.15 [−0.59, 0.35] (0.56)	0.01 [−0.47, 0.49] (0.96)	0.17 [−0.33, 0.60] (0.49)
Fibrosis	−0.14 [−0.58, 0.36] (0.58)	0.17 [−0.34, 0.60] (0.50)	0.16 [−0.35, 0.59] (0.54)	0.04 [−0.45, 0.51] (0.88)	0.13 [−0.37, 0.57] (0.60)	0.37 [−0.14, 0.72] (0.13)
Smooth muscle hypertrophy	0.20 [−0.31, 0.62] (0.44)	0.11 [−0.39, 0.56] (0.67)	0.09 [−0.40, 0.55] (0.71)	−0.12 [−0.57,0.38] (0.62)	−0.001 (−0.48, 0.48) (>0.99)	−0.19 [−0.61, 0.32] (0.45)
Muscularis propria
Active inflammation	0.17 [−0.33, 0.60] (0.49)	0.06 [−0.43, 0.53] (0.80)	0.14 [−0.36, 0.58] (0.57)	0.007 [−0.47, 0.48] (0.98)	−0.08 [−0.54, 0.41] (0.75)	0.009 [−0.47, 0.49] (0.97)
Chronic inflammation	0.13 [−0.37, 0.57] (0.60)	0.007 [−0.47, 0.48] (0.98)	0.10 [−0.39, 0.56] (0.68)	0.03 [−0.45, 0.50] (0.90)	−0.07 [−0.53, 0.42] (0.79)	−0.14 [−0.58, 0.37] (0.59)
Fibrosis	−0.22 [−0.63, 0.29] (0.38)	0.03 [−0.46, 0.50] (0.91)	0.15 [−0.36, 0.58] (0.56)	−0.03 [−0.50, 0.46] (0.91)	0.06 [−0.43, 0.52] (0.81)	0.30 [−0.21, 0.68] (0.23)
Smooth muscle hypertrophy, inner (circular) layer	0.39 [−0.12, 0.74] (0.12)	0.72 [0.36, 0.90] (0.002)	0.63 [0.21, 0.86] (0.007)	0.62 [0.19, 0.85] (0.009)	0.66 [0.25, 0.87] (0.005)	0.71 [0.32, 0.89] (0.002)
Smooth muscle hypertrophy, outer (longitudinal) layer	−0.44 [−0.77, 0.06] (0.07)	0.15 [−0.37, 0.60] (0.56)	−0.06 [−0.54, 0.44] (0.81)	−0.20 [−0.63, 0.33] (0.45)	−0.07 [−0.54, 0.44] (0.79)	0.17 [−0.36, 0.61] (0.52)
Entire bowel wall
Active inflammation	−0.09 [−0.54, 0.41] (0.73)	−0.42 [−0.75, 0.07] (0.08)	−0.20 [−0.62, 0.31] (0.42)	−0.38 [−0.73, 0.12] (0.12)	-0.49 [−0.78, −0.01] (0.04)	-0.60 [−0.84, −0.17] (0.009)
Chronic inflammation	−0.08 [−0.54, 0.41] (0.75)	0.08 [−0.42, 0.54] (0.76)	−0.16 [−0.59, 0.35] (0.53)	−0.13 [−0.58, 0.37] (0.59)	−0.11 [−0.56, 0.39] (0.68)	−0.24 [−0.64, 0.27] (0.34)
Fibrosis	0.06 [−0.43, 0.52] (0.81)	0.38 [−0.12, 0.73] (0.12)	0.39 [−0.11, 0.73] (0.11)	0.08 [−0.42, 0.53] (0.77)	0.28 [−0.23, 0.67] (0.26)	0.43 [−0.06, 0.75] (0.08)
Smooth muscle hypertrophy	0.19 [−0.32, 0.61] (0.45)	0.35 [−0.16, 0.71] (0.16)	0.47 [−0.006, 0.78] (0.047)	−0.01 [−0.49, 0.47] (0.96)	0.35 [−0.16, 0.71] (0.16)	0.32 [−0.19, 0.69] (0.20)
Smooth muscle hypertrophy-to-inflammation	0.01 [−0.47–0.49] (0.96)	0.53 [0.07–0.81] (0.02)	0.39 [−0.10–0.73] (0.11)	0.20 [−0.31–0.62] (0.42)	0.51 [0.047–0.80] (0.03)	0.67 [0.28–0.87] (0.002)

BW bowel wall, RLQ right lower quadrant, SWS shear wave speed

95% confidence intervals are in brackets, and P-values are in parentheses. The relationships between entire bowel wall histological smooth muscle hypertrophy-to-inflammation and shear wave elastography metrics are also presented. Significant correlations are in bold