TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Overall | Normal GLOBE score | Elevated GLOBE score | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <50 years | ≥50 years | p‐value | <50 years | ≥50 years | p‐value | ||
| (n = 3774) | (n = 981) | (n = 1748) | (n = 557) | (n = 488) | |||
| Age at diagnosis, years a | 52.3 (11.7) | 41.0 (6.4) | 60.3 (7.7) | <0.001 | 41.2 (5.7) | 59.0 (8.2) | <0.001 |
| Female, n (%) | 3423/3774 (90.9) | 925/981 (94.3) | 1583/1748 (90.6) | 0.001 | 503/557 (90.3) | 412/488 (84.4) | 0.004 |
| AMA positive, n (%) | 3394/3732 (90.9) | 881/971 (90.7) | 1585/1732 (91.5) | 0.391 | 492/548 (89.8) | 435/480 (90.6) | 0.085 |
| Year of diagnosis b | 1997 (1991–2004) | 1997 (1991–2003) | 1999 (1993–2005) | <0.001 | 1992 (1987–2000) | 1996 (1989–2003) | <0.001 |
| Histological disease stage, n (%) c | 0.796 | <0.001 | |||||
| Stage I | 827/2191 (37.7) | 279/636 (43.9) | 423/981 (43.1) | 80/326 (24.5) | 45/248 (18.1) | ||
| Stage II | 676/2191 (30.9) | 202/636 (31.8) | 324/981 (33.0) | 104/326 (31.9) | 46/248 (18.5) | ||
| Stage III | 355/2191 (16.2) | 81/636 (12.7) | 133/981 (13.6) | 79/326 (24.2) | 62/248 (25.0) | ||
| Stage IV | 333/2191 (15.2) | 74/636 (11.6) | 101/981 (12.3) | 63/326 (19.3) | 95/240 (38.2) | ||
| Serum bilirubin (ULN) b | 0.66 (0.47–0.99) | 0.55 (0.41–0.73) | 0.57 (0.43–0.75) | 0.167 | 1.19 (0.83–1.91) | 1.25 (0.91–1.85) | 0.279 |
| Serum ALP (ULN) b | 2.34 (1.49–3.80) | 2.17 (1.40–3.26) | 1.90 (1.31–2.87) | <0.001 | 4.11 (2.65–5.89) | 3.20 (2.00–4.92) | <0.001 |
| Serum AST (ULN) b | 1.60 (1.12–2.29) | 1.53 (1.11–2.10) | 1.33 (0.98–1.83) | <0.001 | 2.40 (1.85–3.33) | 2.07 (1.55–2.77) | <0.001 |
| Serum ALT (ULN) b | 1.82 (1.20–2.69) | 2.02 (1.37–2.88) | 1.48 (1.00–2.10) | <0.001 | 2.88 (2.05–4.00) | 1.91 (1.36–2.75) | <0.001 |
| Serum albumin (LLN) b | 1.16 (1.08–1.23) | 1.20 (1.14–1.27) | 1.17 (1.10–1.24) | <0.001 | 1.11 (1.03–1.19) | 1.06 (0.97–1.14) | <0.001 |
| Platelet count (×103/mm3) b | 250 (202–298) | 280 (238–325) | 252 (210–298) | <0.001 | 227 (174–281) | 192 (131–239) | <0.001 |
| Biochemical disease stage, n (%) d | 0.020 | <0.001 | |||||
| Early | 2731/3774 (72.4) | 896/981 (91.3) | 1536/1748 (87.9) | 171/557 (30.7) | 128/488 (26.2) | ||
| Moderately advanced | 853/3774 (22.6) | 82/981 (8.4) | 203/1748 (11.6) | 320 /557 (57.5) | 248/488 (50.8) | ||
| Advanced | 190/3774 (5.0) | 3/981 (0.3) | 9/1748 (0.5) | 66/557 (11.8) | 112/488 (23.0) | ||
Note: Serum bilirubin was missing for 1047 (28%) patients, serum ALP for 1036 (27%), serum AST for 1099 (29%), serum ALT for 1169 (31%), serum albumin for 1518 (40%) and platelet count for 1573 (42%). AMA status was missing for 43 (1.1%).
Abbreviations: ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AMA, anti‐mitochondrial antibody; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; LLN, lower limit of normal; ULN, upper limit of normal.
a
Data are expressed as mean and standard deviation.
b
Data are expressed as median and interquartile range.
d
Biochemical disease stage according to Rotterdam criteria. 5