TABLE 2.

Mean posterior effect size estimates for relationships of free‐air temperature, topography, moisture, and vegetation variables with differences in daily mean, minimum, and maximum temperatures between different heights above and in the ground in Arctic tundra. Values were obtained from Bayesian linear mixed modeling and have been transformed to the respective units given for each variable. Blank cells indicate nonsignificant effects (i.e., 95% credible intervals overlapping with zero). Gray cells show variables not included as predictors for respective temperature difference responses

Variable	Unit	Soil–canopy‐level ΔT			Near‐surface–canopy‐level ΔT			Soil–near‐surface ΔT			Soil–free‐air ΔT (winter)
		Mean	Min	Max	Mean	Min	Max	Mean	Min	Max	Mean	Min	Max
Free‐air temp.	°C/°C	−0.59	−0.56	−0.56	−0.10	−0.22	0.02	−0.50	−0.51	−0.58	−0.56	−0.53	−0.57
Elevation	°C/100 m		0.20	0.30				0.15			0.46	0.34	0.54
Slope angle	°C/°								−0.07
Solar radiation	°C/% of seasonal max.			0.09	0.02		0.07
Landform	—			0.53						0.65
Soil moisture	°C/10% VWC								0.33
Snow cover duration	°C/10 days										0.81	0.92	0.70
Rock cover	°C/10% cover										−0.39	−0.41	−0.37
Shrub cover	°C/10% cover	−0.27		−0.57		−0.17		−0.26	−0.26	−0.68	−0.29	−0.33	−0.27
Bryophyte cover	°C/10% cover	−0.33	−0.23	−0.35	−0.08		−0.17	−0.24
Lichen cover	°C/10% cover			−0.34
Vegetation height	°C/cm taller vegetation	−0.20	−0.33	−0.37	−0.06	−0.20	−0.15	−0.14	−0.16	−0.21