Table 2.
All‐cause and OAB‐related costs and encounters for matched cohorts
| Category | Statistics | Mirabegron users (n = 516) | Antimuscarinic users (n = 1032) | Median difference (Mira‐AM), (95% CL) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All‐cause health care (inpatient, outpatient, and outpatient pharmacy) costsa | ||||
| Total health care costs | Mean (SD) | $56 590 ($89 982) | $48 084 ($88 142) | $4881 ($2560−$7267) |
| Median (Q1–Q3) | $25 370 ($10 866–$67 180) | $19 651 ($6472–$50 198) | ||
| Min–max | $213–$1239 664 | $31–$1 023 475 | ||
| Total health care costs (PPPM) | Mean (SD) | $6010 ($17 429) | $5515 ($18 015) | $308 ($178–$470) |
| Median (Q1–Q3) | $1581 ($676–$3929) | $1,197 ($434–$3283) | ||
| Min–max | $0–$426 313 | $0–$471 260 | ||
| All‐cause inpatient costs | ||||
| Hospitalization costs | Mean (SD) | $20 098 ($49 234) | $17 866 ($47 660) | $0 ($0–$0) |
| Median (Q1–Q3) | $0 ($0–$17 020) | $0 ($0–$15 673) | ||
| Min–max | $0–$494 527 | $0–$474 883 | ||
| Hospitalization costs (PPPM) | Mean (SD) | $2134 ($14 491) | $2049 ($15 037) | $0 ($0–$0) |
| Median (Q1–Q3) | $0 ($0–$0) | $0 ($0–$0) | ||
| Min–max | $0–$422 878 | $0–$468 397 | ||
| All‐cause outpatient costs | ||||
| Outpatient services costs | Mean (SD) | $27 019 ($64 510) | $23 849 ($58 295) | $1046 ($228–$2100) |
| Median (Q1–Q3) | $10 365 ($3482–$30 857) | $8417 ($2436–$24,283) | ||
| Min–max | $0–$1 180 053 | $0–$896 078 | ||
| Outpatient services costs (PPPM) | Mean (SD) | $2869 ($8638) | $2735 ($8475) | $25 ($24–$68) |
| Median (Q1–Q3) | $549 ($144–$1975) | $498 ($131–$1769) | ||
| Min–max | $0–$130 878 | $0–$219 452 | ||
| Total outpatient office costs | Mean (SD) | $5293 ($10 009) | $4559 ($10254) | $324 ($125–$548) |
| Median (Q1–Q3) | $2412 ($522–$6115) | $1495 ($411–$4649) | ||
| Min–max | $0–$147 020 | $0–$199 132 | ||
| Total outpatient office costs (PPPM) | Mean (SD) | $562 ($1302) | $523 ($1538) | $11 ($0–$33) |
| Median (Q1–Q3) | $181 ($0–$569) | $145 ($0–$464) | ||
| Min–max | $0–$27 539 | $0–$38 485 | ||
| Median (Q1–Q3) | $44 ($0–$367) | $0 ($0–$254) | ||
| Min–max | $0–$27 265 | $0–$38 485 | ||
| All‐cause outpatient pharmacy costs | ||||
| Prescription claim costs | Mean (SD) | $9473 ($13 174) | $6369 ($13021) | $2021 ($1665–$2583) |
| Median (Q1–Q3) | $5974 ($2883–$11 004) | $3091 ($1089–$7220) | ||
| Min–max | $117–$118 706 | $6–$205 579 | ||
| Prescription claim costs (PPPM) | Mean (SD) | $1006 ($1750) | $731 ($2004) | $218 ($169–$263) |
| Median (Q1–Q3) | $536 ($120–$1182) | $255 ($52–$805) | ||
| Min–max | $0–$33 063 | $0–$77 703 | ||
| All‐cause inpatient encounters | ||||
| Hospitalization encounters | N (%) | 213 (41.3%) | 398 (38.6%) | 0 (0–0) |
| Mean (SD) | 0.547 (0.755) | 0.525 (0.800) | ||
| Median (Q1–Q3) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | ||
| Min–max | 0–5 | 0–7 | ||
| Hospitalization encounters (PPPM) | Mean (SD) | 0.058 (0.237) | 0.060 (0.247) | 0 (0–0) |
| Median (Q1–Q3) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | ||
| Min–max | 0–2 | 0–3 | ||
| All‐cause outpatient services | ||||
| Outpatient services encounters | N (%) | 511 (99.0%) | 1024 (99.2%) | 4 (2–7) |
| Mean (SD) | 37.727 (29.137) | 32.842 (28.569) | ||
| Median (Q1–Q3) | 31.5 (16–53) | 27 (12–47) | ||
| Min–max | 0–139 | 0–349 | ||
| Outpatient services encounters (PPPM) | Mean (SD) | 4.006 (3.810) | 3.767 (3.755) | 0 (0–0.5) |
| Median (Q1–Q3) | 3 (1–6) | 3 (1–5) | ||
| Min–max | 0–27 | 0–30 | ||
| Total outpatient office encounters | N (%) | 492 (95.3%) | 951 (92.2%) | 2 (1–4) |
| Mean (SD) | 21.339 (21.468) | 17.093 (18.482) | ||
| Median (Q1–Q3) | 15 (5–31.5) | 11 (3–24.5) | ||
| Min–max | 0–124 | 0–123 | ||
| Total outpatient office encounters (PPPM) | Mean (SD) | 2.266 (2.546) | 1.960 (2.271) | 0 (0–0) |
| Median (Q1–Q3) | 2 (0–3) | 1 (0–3) | ||
| Min–max | 0–18 | 0–23 | ||
| All‐cause outpatient pharmacy | ||||
| Prescription claim encounters | N (%) | 516 (100%) | 1032 (100%) | 5 (0–9) |
| Mean (SD) | 59.285 (41.798) | 53.592 (44.029) | ||
| Median (Q1–Q3) | 52 (27–80) | 43 (21–72) | ||
| Min–max | 1–246 | 1–297 | ||
| Prescription claim encounters (PPPM) | Mean (SD) | 6.296 (4.746) | 6.147 (5.181) | 0.25 (0–0.5) |
| Median (Q1–Q3) | 5 (3–9) | 5 (3–9) | ||
| Min–max | 0–43 | 0–116 | ||
| OAB‐related health care (inpatient, outpatient, and outpatient pharmacy) costsa | ||||
| Total health care costs | Mean (SD) | $2919 ($3421) | $1205 ($2988) | $1238 ($1047–$1546) |
| Median (Q1–Q3) | $2147 ($825–$4199) | $335 ($103–$1138) | ||
| Min–max | $142–$35393 | $2–$39044 | ||
| Total health care costs (PPPM) | Mean (SD) | $310 ($886) | $138 ($924) | $37 ($0–$64) |
| Median (Q1–Q3) | $43 ($0–$363) | $0 ($0–$74) | ||
| Min–max | $0–$28 913 | $0–$38 719 | ||
| OAB‐related inpatient costs | ||||
| Hospitalization costs | Mean (SD) | $125 ($1694) | $246 ($2469) | $0 ($0–$0) |
| Median (Q1–Q3) | $0 ($0–$0) | $0 ($0–$0) | ||
| Min–max | $0–$28 913 | $0–$38 719 | ||
| Hospitalization costs (PPPM) | Mean (SD) | $13 ($553) | $28 ($839) | $0 ($0–$0) |
| Median (Q1–Q3) | $0 ($0–$0) | $0 ($0–$0) | ||
| Min–max | $0–$28 913 | $0–$38 719 | ||
| OAB‐related outpatient services costs | ||||
| Outpatient services costs | Mean (SD) | $618 ($2165) | $352 ($1241) | $0 ($0–$2) |
| Median (Q1–Q3) | $109 ($0–$382) | $70 ($0–$253) | ||
| Min–max | $0–$32,079 | $0–$17,351 | ||
| Outpatient services costs (PPPM) | Mean (SD) | $66 ($600) | $40 ($339) | $0 ($0–$0) |
| Median (Q1–Q3) | $0 ($0–$0) | $0 ($0–$0) | ||
| Min–max | $0–$22 782 | $0–$17 351 | ||
| Total outpatient office costs | Mean (SD) | $299 ($714) | $230 ($878) | $0 ($0–$0) |
| Median (Q1–Q3) | $83 ($0–$284) | $0 ($0–$180) | ||
| Min–max | $0–$8498 | $0–$15 277 | ||
| Total outpatient office costs (PPPM) | Mean (SD) | $32 ($172) | $26 ($187) | $0 ($0 ‐ $0) |
| Median (Q1–Q3) | $0 ($0–$0) | $0 ($0–$0) | ||
| Min–max | $0–$5,042 | $0–$5,957 | ||
| Primary care provider outpatient office costsb | Mean (SD) | $60 ($210) | $58 ($211) | $0 ($0–$0) |
| Median (Q1–Q3) | $0 ($0–$0) | $0 ($0–$0) | ||
| Min–max | $0–$2813 | $0–$3625 | ||
| Primary care provider outpatient office costs (PPPM) | Mean (SD) | $6 ($52) | $7 ($60) | $0 ($0–$0) |
| Median (Q1–Q3) | $0 ($0–$0) | $0 ($0–$0) | ||
| Min–max | $0–$1911 | $0 ‐ $3519 | ||
| Obstetrics/gynecology outpatient office costsc | Mean (SD) | $25 ($269) | $4 ($43) | $0 ($0 ‐ $0) |
| Median (Q1–Q3) | $0 ($0–$0) | $0 ($0–$0) | ||
| Min–max | $0–$5483 | $0–$810 | ||
| Obstetrics/gynecology outpatient office costs (PPPM) | Mean (SD) | $3 ($72) | $0 ($13) | $0 ($0–$0) |
| Median (Q1–Q3) | $0 ($0–$0) | $0 ($0–$0) | ||
| Min–max | $0–$4516 | $0–$810 | ||
| Urologist outpatient office costsd | Mean (SD) | $188 ($604) | $141 ($816) | $0 ($0–$0) |
| Median (Q1–Q3) | $0 ($0–$143) | $0 ($0–$0) | ||
| Min–max | $0–$8498 | $0 ‐ $15 277 | ||
| Urologist outpatient office costs (PPPM) | Mean (SD) | $20 ($142) | $16 ($171) | $0 ($0–$0) |
| Median (Q1–Q3) | $0 ($0–$0) | $0 ($0–$0) | ||
| Min–max | $0–$3883 | $0–$5957 | ||
| Other outpatient office costs | Mean (SD) | $26 ($128) | $27 ($214) | $0 ($0–$0) |
| Median (Q1–Q3) | $0 ($0–$0) | $0 ($0–$0) | ||
| Min–max | $0–$1742 | $0–$5638 | ||
| Other outpatient office costs (PPPM) | Mean (SD) | $3 ($29) | $3 ($45) | $0 ($0–$0) |
| Median (Q1–Q3) | $0 ($0–$0) | $0 ($0–$0) | ||
| Min–max | $0–$752 | $0–$2581 | ||
| OAB‐related outpatient pharmacy costs | ||||
| Prescription claim costs | Mean (SD) | $2176 ($1873) | $607 ($1096) | $1095 ($927–$1341) |
| Median (Q1–Q3) | $1787 ($657–$3545) | $158 ($38–$599) | ||
| Min–max | $78–$19 159 | $2–$13 150 | ||
| Prescription claim costs (PPPM) | Mean (SD) | $231 ($344) | $70 ($189) | $0 ($0–$0) |
| Median (Q1–Q3) | $0 ($0–$348) | $0 ($0–$32) | ||
| Min–max | $0–$4044 | $0–$3985 | ||
| OAB‐related inpatient encounters | ||||
| Hospitalization encounters | N (%) | 3 (0.6%) | 15 (1.5%) | 0 (0–0) |
| Mean (SD) | 0.006 (0.076) | 0.015 (0.120) | ||
| Median (Q1–Q3) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | ||
| Min–max | 0–1 | 0–1 | ||
| Hospitalization encounters (PPPM) | Mean (SD) | 0.001 (0.025) | 0.002 (0.041) | 0 (0–0) |
| Median (Q1–Q3) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | ||
| Min–max | 0–1 | 0–1 | ||
| OAB‐related outpatient services | ||||
| Outpatient services encounters | N (%) | 319 (61.8%) | 556 (53.9%) | 0 (0–0) |
| Mean (SD) | 1.787 (2.459) | 1.359 (2.273) | ||
| Median (Q1–Q3) | 1 (0–3) | 1 (0–2) | ||
| Min–max | 0–17 | 0–31 | ||
| Outpatient services encounters (PPPM) | Mean (SD) | 0.190 (0.515) | 0.156 (0.482) | 0 (0–0) |
| Median (Q1–Q3) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | ||
| Min–max | 0–7 | 0–15 | ||
| OAB‐related outpatient services | ||||
| Total outpatient office encounters | N (%) | 291 (56.4%) | 463 (44.9%) | 0 (0–0) |
| Mean (SD) | 1.463 (2.140) | 1.080 (2.080) | ||
| Median (Q1–Q3) | 1 (0–2) | 0 (0–1) | ||
| Min–max | 0–17 | 0–31 | ||
| Total outpatient office encounters (PPPM) | Mean (SD) | 0.155 (0.452) | 0.124 (0.434) | 0 (0–0) |
| Median (Q1–Q3) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | ||
| Min–max | 0–7 | 0–15 | ||
| Primary care provider outpatient office encountersb | N (%) | 112 (21.7%) | 253 (24.5%) | 0 (0–0) |
| Mean (SD) | 0.395 (1.064) | 0.420 (0.937) | ||
| Median (Q1–Q3) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | ||
| Min–max | 0–11 | 0–8 | ||
| Primary care provider outpatient office encounters (PPPM) | Mean (SD) | 0.042 (0.243) | 0.048 (0.230) | 0 (0–0) |
| Median (Q1–Q3) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | ||
| Min–max | 0–6 | 0–3 | ||
| OAB‐related outpatient services | ||||
| Obstetrics/gynecology outpatient office encountersc | N (%) | 19 (3.7%) | 16 (1.6%) | 0 (0–0) |
| Mean (SD) | 0.089 (0.665) | 0.026 (0.299) | ||
| Median (Q1–Q3) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | ||
| Min–max | 0–11 | 0–8 | ||
| Obstetrics/gynecology outpatient office encounters (PPPM) | Mean (SD) | 0.009 (0.131) | 0.003 (0.062) | 0 (0–0) |
| Median (Q1–Q3) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | ||
| Min–max | 0–5 | 0–2 | ||
| Urologist outpatient office encountersd | N (%) | 175 (33.9%) | 195 (18.9%) | 0 (0–0) |
| Mean (SD) | 0.808 (1.526) | 0.449 (1.255) | ||
| Median (Q1–Q3) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–0) | ||
| Min–max | 0–9 | 0–13 | ||
| Urologist outpatient office encounters (PPPM) | Mean (SD) | 0.086 (0.317) | 0.051 (0.251) | 0 (0–0) |
| Median (Q1–Q3) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | ||
| Min–max | 0–4 | 0–4 | ||
| OAB‐related outpatient services | ||||
| Other outpatient office encounters | N (%) | 49 (9.5%) | 79 (7.7%) | 0 (0–0) |
| Mean (SD) | 0.171 (0.701) | 0.186 (1.272) | ||
| Median (Q1–Q3) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | ||
| Min–max | 0–10 | 0–30 | ||
| Other outpatient office encounters (PPPM) | Mean (SD) | 0.018 (0.156) | 0.021 (0.263) | 0 (0–0) |
| Median (Q1–Q3) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | ||
| Min–max | 0–4 | 0–15 | ||
| OAB‐related outpatient pharmacy | ||||
| Prescription claim encounters | N (%) | 516 (100%) | 1032 (100%) | 1 (0–1) |
| Mean (SD) | 5.355 (4.703) | 4.176 (3.938) | ||
| Median (Q1–Q3) | 4 (2–8) | 3 (1–6) | ||
| Min–max | 1–28 | 1–28 | ||
| Prescription claim encounters (PPPM) | Mean (SD) | 0.569 (0.709) | 0.479 (0.682) | 0 (0–0) |
| Median (Q1–Q3) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | ||
| Min–max | 0–5 | 0–9 | ||
Note: 95% CL for the median are distribution‐free confidence limits of median; Median differences were derived using the CIPCTLDF option on PROC UNIVARIATE statement in SAS.
Abbreviations: CL, confidence limit; SD, standard deviation; Q1, 25th percentile; Q3, 75th percentile; min, minimum; max, maximum; PPPM, per patient per month.
a
Total inpatient and outpatient costs include inpatient admission, outpatient service and outpatient pharmacy costs.
b
Primary care provider includes the following physician specialties: Family Practice, Internal Medicine, MultiSpecialty Physician Group, and Medical Doctor.
c
Obstetrics/gynecology includes the following specialties: OBGY.
d
Urologist includes the following specialties: Urology.
Notes: 95% CI for the median are distribution‐free confidence intervals for the median.