Table 1.
Selectivity (S dimer) and yield (Y dimer) for the production of the Kolbe product (dimer) per converted n‐CA for C4, C6, and C8 as substrate as well as selectivity (S fuel) and yield (Y fuel) for the sum of fuel‐like compounds in the organic phase per converted n‐CA for an artificial n‐CA mixture as substrate. Carbon balance, CEfuel, and CEoverall for the electrolysis of the individual n‐CA and the artificial acid mixture.[a]
|
Substrate |
Carbon balance [%] |
Y dimer or Y fuel [%] |
S dimer or S fuel [%] |
CEfuel [%] |
CEoverall [%] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
n‐butanoic acid (n=3) |
42.1±24.5 |
11.3±7.5 |
14.4±3.7 |
– |
11.5±5.3 |
|
n‐hexanoic acid (n=4) |
83.4±15.2 |
68.6±18.6 |
68.4±4.9 |
58.9±16.4 |
73.2±15.9 |
|
n‐octanoic acid (n=3) |
29.0±9.7* (111.3±10.6) |
24.0±9.0* (92.0±10.4) |
69.9±5.4 |
25.4±3.3 |
35.1±5.5 |
|
mix, pH=7.07±0.25 (n=3) |
87.2±16.2 |
81.9±16.8 |
78.6±2.0 |
69.5±11.1 |
81.2±12.0 |
|
mix, pH=8.21±0.34 (n=3) |
86.1±3.7 |
80.1±4.7 |
78.5±1.9 |
67.5±2.2 |
80.3±1.2 |
[a] – indicates that no liquid organic phase was formed. n provides number of replicates and ± represents the 95 % confidence interval. Please note that values marked with * are not representative because of phase separation and low solubility of n‐CA, which lead to an overestimation of acid consumption in the aqueous phase. Consequently, values given in brackets are based on the acid consumption being calculated from CO2 and ester production (see Experimental Section: carbon balance, yield, selectivity, and rates of the electrolysis).