TABLE 1.
Baseline participant characteristics by physical activity and sitting time status
| Total a | PA and ST status | p‐value | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HPA/LST | HPA/HST | LPA/LST | LPA/HST | ||||||||
| (n = 10 232) | (n = 2047) | (n = 1638) | (n = 3196) | (n = 3351) | |||||||
| Age [years] b | 73.4 | (6.2) | 71.4 | (5.1) | 72.2 | (5.6) | 73.3 | (6.0) | 75.6 | (6.8) | <0.001 |
| 65–74 years [n (%)] c | 6362 | (62.2) | 1554 | (75.9) | 1158 | (70.7) | 1968 | (61.6) | 1682 | (50.2) | <0.001 |
| ≥75 years [n (%)] c | 3870 | (37.8) | 493 | (24.1) | 480 | (29.3) | 1228 | (38.4) | 1669 | (49.8) | |
| Women [n (%)] c | 5342 | (52.2) | 890 | (43.5) | 765 | (46.7) | 1783 | (55.8) | 1904 | (56.8) | <0.001 |
| PD ≥1000 people/km2 [n (%)] c | 4579 | (44.8) | 966 | (47.2) | 764 | (46.6) | 1378 | (43.1) | 1471 | (43.9) | 0.008 |
| Body mass index [kg/m2] b | 22.6 | (3.4) | 22.7 | (3.3) | 22.6 | (3.1) | 22.4 | (3.3) | 22.6 | (3.6) | 0.019 |
| Living alone [n (%)] c | 1174 | (11.5) | 179 | (8.7) | 223 | (13.6) | 329 | (10.3) | 443 | (13.2) | <0.001 |
| HSES [n (%)] c | 3357 | (32.8) | 715 | (34.9) | 559 | (34.1) | 1042 | (32.6) | 1041 | (31.1) | 0.017 |
| Education ≥13 y [n (%)] c | 2142 | (20.9) | 527 | (25.7) | 381 | (23.3) | 625 | (19.6) | 609 | (18.2) | <0.001 |
| Current smoker [n (%)] c | 1167 | (11.4) | 219 | (10.7) | 185 | (11.3) | 381 | (11.9) | 382 | (11.4) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol drinker [n (%)] c | 6696 | (65.4) | 1504 | (73.5) | 1156 | (70.6) | 2033 | (63.6) | 2003 | (59.8) | <0.001 |
| Poor self‐reported health [n (%)] c | 1991 | (19.5) | 202 | (9.9) | 235 | (14.3) | 594 | (18.6) | 960 | (28.6) | <0.001 |
| Sleep times [min/day] b | 406 | (83) | 398 | (73) | 405 | (72) | 399 | (83) | 418 | (93) | <0.001 |
| No medication [n (%)] c | 2222 | (21.7) | 538 | (26.3) | 386 | (23.6) | 697 | (21.8) | 601 | (17.9) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension [n (%)] c | 3802 | (37.2) | 734 | (35.9) | 592 | (36.1) | 1169 | (36.6) | 1307 | (39.0) | 0.056 |
| Stroke [n (%)] c | 373 | (3.7) | 65 | (3.2) | 62 | (3.8) | 97 | (3.0) | 149 | (4.4) | 0.012 |
| Heart disease [n (%)] c | 1241 | (12.1) | 191 | (9.3) | 180 | (11.0) | 383 | (12.0) | 487 | (14.5) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes [n (%)] c | 1040 | (10.2) | 202 | (9.9) | 176 | (10.7) | 301 | (9.4) | 361 | (10.8) | 0.250 |
| Hyperlipidemia [n (%)] c | 947 | (9.3) | 219 | (10.7) | 175 | (10.7) | 259 | (8.1) | 294 | (8.8) | 0.002 |
| Digestive disease [n (%)] c | 486 | (4.8) | 64 | (3.1) | 62 | (3.8) | 145 | (4.5) | 215 | (6.4) | <0.001 |
| Respiratory disease [n (%)] c | 841 | (8.2) | 120 | (5.9) | 159 | (9.7) | 251 | (7.9) | 311 | (9.3) | <0.001 |
| Urological diseases [n (%)] c | 606 | (5.9) | 122 | (6.0) | 111 | (6.8) | 154 | (4.8) | 219 | (6.5) | 0.010 |
| Cancer [n (%)] c | 375 | (3.7) | 64 | (3.1) | 70 | (4.3) | 92 | (2.9) | 149 | (4.4) | 0.002 |
| No. of chronic diseases b , d | 0.9 | (1.0) | 0.9 | (0.9) | 1.0 | (1.0) | 0.9 | (0.9) | 1.0 | (1.0) | <0.001 |
| Physical activity [min/week] b | 229 | (436) | 666 | (601) | 535 | (469) | 15 | (36) | 16 | (36) | <0.001 |
| [MET‐min/week] b | 759 | (1554) | 2270 | (2242) | 1722 | (1714) | 45 | (112) | 47 | (109) | <0.001 |
| Sitting time [min/day] b | 319 | (224) | 162 | (62) | 463 | (191) | 159 | (63) | 498 | (217) | <0.001 |
| Mortality [event/1000 PY] e | 19.7 | 12.0 | 12.6 | 17.5 | 30.2 | ||||||
| [95%CI] e | (18.5 to 20.9) | (10.1 to 14.3) | (10.4 to 15.3) | (15.6 to 19.7) | (27.7 to 33.0) | ||||||
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HSES, high socioeconomic status; HST, high sitting time; HPA, high physical activity; LPA, low physical activity; LST, low sitting time; MET, metabolic equivalents; PA, physical activity; PD, population density; PY, person‐years; and ST, sitting time.
Data for participants with missing values were imputed by multiple imputations: body mass index (n = 516, 5.0%); family structure (n = 755, 7.4%); socioeconomic status (n = 449, 4.4%); education (n = 1137, 11.1%); smoking status (n = 418, 4.1%); alcohol status (n = 355, 3.5%); self‐reported health (n = 375, 3.7%); sleep times (n = 223, 2.2%); medications (n = 754, 7.4%).
Continuous variables are expressed as mean with standard deviation and were analyzed using variance analysis.
Category variables are expressed as the number of cases with percentage and were analyzed using Pearson's chi‐squared test.
From the data obtained on disease status (including the presence of hypertension, stroke, heart disease, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, digestive disease, respiratory disease, urological diseases, and cancer), the comorbidity scores were summed to obtain a total score ranging from 0 (no comorbidity) to 9 (poor status).
Absolute risk of mortality was calculated using data from July 30, 2011, to November 30, 2016. Mortality risk is shown as rate (95%CI) per 1000 person‐years.