Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population, nutrition management and patients’ overall outcomes according to the 28-day mortality
| Overall (n = 1206) | Survivors (n = 975) | Non-survivors (n = 226) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient admission characteristics | ||||
| Age (years) | 62.9 [51.2, 72.8] | 61.6 [50.3, 71.4] | 66.5 [58.1, 76.6] | < 0.001 |
| Height (cm) | 170.0 [165.0, 176.0] | 170.0 [164.0, 176.0] | 170.0 [165.0, 175.0] | 0.712 |
| Weight (kg) | 75.0 [65.0, 87.0] | 75.0 [65.0, 87.0] | 75.0 [63.0, 85.0] | 0.174 |
| Sex (%) | ||||
| Female | 393 (32.6) | 324 (33.2) | 67 (29.6) | 0.338 |
| Male | 813 (67.4) | 651 (66.8) | 159 (70.4) | |
| Admission type (%) | ||||
| Surgical | 603 (50.0) | 535 (54.9) | 65 (28.8) | < 0.001 |
| Medical | 603 (50.0) | 440 (45.1) | 161 (71.2) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.7 [22.7, 29.7] | 25.7 [22.8, 29.8] | 25.3 [22.7, 28.6] | 0.123 |
| BMI range (%) | ||||
| < 18 | 37 (3.2) | 27 (2.9) | 10 (4.7) | 0.207 |
| 18–25 | 477 (41.1) | 385 (40.9) | 91 (42.5) | |
| 25–30 | 369 (31.8) | 295 (31.3) | 72 (33.6) | |
| > 30 | 277 (23.9) | 234 (24.9) | 41 (19.2) | |
| Country (%) | ||||
| France | 1003 (83.2) | 817 (83.8) | 182 (80.5) | 0.279 |
| Belgium | 203 (16.8) | 158 (16.2) | 44 (19.5) | |
| University hospital (%) | ||||
| Yes | 1060 (87.9) | 870 (89.2) | 187 (82.7) | 0.010 |
| No | 146 (12.1) | 105 (10.8) | 39 (17.3) | |
| Severity and organ support | ||||
| Admission SAPS II score | 44.0 [33.0, 57.0] | 42.0 [32.0, 54.0] | 53.0 [41.8, 65.3] | < 0.001 |
| Admission SOFA score | 8.0 [5.0, 11.0] | 8.0 [4.0, 10.0] | 9.0 [7.0, 12.0] | < 0.001 |
| Admission APACHE II score | 19.0 [13.0, 24.0] | 18.0 [13.0, 23.0] | 22.0 [17.0, 28.0] | < 0.001 |
| Early vasopressors (%) | 754 (62.6) | 572 (58.8) | 180 (79.6) | < 0.001 |
| Early IMV (%) | 870 (72.3) | 684 (70.3) | 182 (80.9) | 0.002 |
| Sedation (%) | 844 (70.0) | 649 (66.6) | 191 (84.5) | < 0.001 |
| NMBA (%) | 216 (17.9) | 156 (16.0) | 59 (26.1) | 0.001 |
| Vasopressors (%) | 818 (67.8) | 615 (63.1) | 200 (88.5) | < 0.001 |
| IMV (%) | 979 (81.2) | 776 (79.6) | 200 (88.5) | 0.003 |
| NIMV (%) | 408 (33.8) | 347 (35.6) | 60 (26.5) | 0.012 |
| Early nutritional intake | ||||
| Timing of enteral after admission (hours) | 37.6 [24.2, 64.6] | 37.1 [24.2, 63.8] | 39.9 [24.5, 72.2] | 0.331 |
| Early nutrition (%) | ||||
| None | 488 (40.5) | 416 (42.7) | 71 (31.4) | 0.020 |
| EN | 504 (41.8) | 392 (40.2) | 110 (48.7) | |
| EN + PN | 35 (2.9) | 26 (2.7) | 8 (3.5) | |
| PN | 179 (14.8) | 141 (14.5) | 37 (16.4) | |
| Total early caloric intake (kcal/kg/day) | 10.03 [4.81, 18.09] | 9.77 [4.59, 17.39] | 11.37 [6.25, 20.53] | 0.006 |
| Early non-nutritional calories (kcal/kg/day) | 3.16 [1.25, 5.63] | 3.13 [1.25, 5.56] | 3.23 [1.29, 6.08] | 0.471 |
| Early protein (g/kg/day) | 0.24 [0.00, 0.64] | 0.21 [0.00, 0.63] | 0.37 [0.00, 0.72] | 0.005 |
| 10-day nutritional intake and adverse effects | ||||
| Enteral nutrition (%) | 753 (62.4) | 579 (59.4) | 170 (75.2) | < 0.001 |
| Parenteral nutrition (%) | 406 (33.7) | 323 (33.1) | 80 (35.4) | 0.567 |
| Total Caloric intake (kcal/kg/day) | 16.94 [7.18, 22.82] | 16.08 [6.17, 22.59] | 18.43 [11.85, 23.89] | < 0.001 |
| Non-nutritional calories (kcal/kg/day) | 2.16 [1.08, 3.92] | 2.11 [1.06, 3.85] | 2.53 [1.21, 4.28] | 0.033 |
| Protein intake (g/kg/day) | 0.62 [0.17, 0.91] | 0.59 [0.09, 0.90] | 0.67 [0.38, 0.98] | 0.002 |
| Diarrhoea (%) | 322 (26.7) | 262 (26.9) | 59 (26.1) | 0.880 |
| Bowel movement (%) | 969 (80.3) | 797 (81.7) | 168 (74.3) | 0.015 |
| Emesis (%) | 186 (15.4) | 144 (14.8) | 40 (17.7) | 0.318 |
| Feeding intolerance (%) | 257 (34.0) | 195 (33.7) | 59 (34.7) | 0.876 |
Results are presented as the median (25th–75th percentiles) for quantitative variables and patient number (column proportion) for qualitative variables
BMI body mass index, SAPS Simplified Acute Physiology Score, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, APACHE Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, NMBA neuromuscular blocking agents, IMV invasive mechanical ventilation, NIMV noninvasive mechanical ventilation