Table 3. Medicinal plants with activities on glucokinase (GCK).

Shown are studies in which the indicated plants have been shown to drive changes in glucokinase activity or expression. Table is constructed in alphabetical order of plant species.

Medicinal plant	Phytochemistry	Summary	References
Costus igneus (insulin plant)	Leaf extract.	Increased glucokinase activity, insulin, and GLUT2 gene expression but inhibition of glucose-6-phosphatase activity in human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) showing β-like cells action. C. igneus contained insulin-like proteins (ILP) with hypoglycemic activities in insulin-responsive cell line RIN 5f.	(Kattaru et al., 2021; Joshi et al., 2013)
Momordica balsamina	Ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane fruit extract.	Increased GCK and GLUT2 mRNA gene expression in RIN-m5F cells.	(Kgopa, Shai & Mogale, 2020)
Zea mays (Purple corn)	Anthocyanins from the pericarp.	Activation of GCK in HepG2 cells decreased glucose uptake in Caco-2 cells and increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in iNS-1E in the pancreas.	(Luna-Vital & De Mejia, 2018)