Table 5. Medicinal plants regulating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).

Shown are studies in which the indicated plants have been shown to mediate effects via AMPK activity. Table is constructed in alphabetical order of plant species.

Medicinal plant	Phytochemistry	Summary	References
Artemisia dracunculus	Alcoholic extract (PMI-5011).	Increased insulin secretion through AMPK activation in NIT-1 cells.
Artemisia sacrorum	Petroleum ether fraction.	Decreased glucose production via the AMPK-GSK-CREB pathway in HepG2 cells.	(Yuan & Piao, 2011)
Aspalathus linearis	80% ethanol extract.	Amelioration of insulin resistance in C2C12 via activation of AMPK and Akt pathway.	(Mazibuko et al., 2013)
Cimicifuga racemosa	Ethanol extract and Phyto-compounds.	Increased AMPK activity in HepaRG cells.	(Moser et al., 2014)
Crocus sativus [Saffron]	Methanol extract.	Increased glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity via AMPK phosphorylation in C2C12 mouse myotubes cells.	(Kang et al., 2012)
Entada phaseoloides	Total saponin extract.	Suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis via AMPK and Akt/GSK3β in Primary hepatocytes and HepG2 cells.	(Zheng et al., 2016)
Iris sanguinea	Isolated compounds from methanol extract of the seeds.	Increased glucose uptake via activation of ACC and AMPK in mouse C2C12 skeletal myoblast.	(Yang et al., 2017)
Malva verticillata	Ethanol extract and compound isolate [β-sitosterol].	Increased glucose uptake via AMPK phosphorylation in L6 myotubes.	(Jeong & Song, 2011)
Momordica charantia	Triterpenoids from the stem.	Overcome insulin resistance via AMPK activation in FL83B and C2C12 cells.	(Cheng et al., 2008)
Psidium guajava	Flavonoids from the leaves.	AMPK phosphorylation in rat L6 myotubes and L02 human hepatic cells.	(Li et al., 2019b)
Rhodiola crenulata	Methanol extract.	Inhibition of gluconeogenesis in human hepatic HepG2 cell via activation of AMPK.	(Lee et al., 2015)
Rosmarinus officinalis	Dichloromethane-methanol extract.	Regulate glucose and lipid metabolism through activation of AMPK and PPAR pathways in HepG2 cells.	(Tu et al., 2013)
Sechium edule	Water and polyphenol extract of the shoot.	Inhibition of lipogenesis and stimulation of lipolysis via AMPK activation and decreased lipogenic enzymes in HepG2 cells.	(Wu et al., 2014, 2020)
Stauntonia chinensis	Triterpenoid saponins.	Increased glucose uptake in HepG2 insulin-resistant cells via AMPK phosphorylation and IR, IRS-1, PI3K/Akt pathways	(Hu et al., 2014)
Toona sinensis	Leaf extract.	Increased glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes due to AMPK activation.	(Liu et al., 2015)
Vigna angularis (Azuki bean)	Extract	Increased phosphorylation of AMPK and Akt in HepG2 cells.	(Sato et al., 2016)