Table 2.
Sex-stratified associations between HF diagnosis (2002–2017) and risk of new-onset major depression through 2018, Sweden.
| Time after HF diagnosis | HF cases | Controls | Unadjusted | Adjusteda | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Major depression, n (% of HF cases) | Major depression, n (% of controls) | IRR (95% CI) | IRR (95% CI) | P | |
| Men | |||||
| <3 months | 746 (0.8) | 1,922 (0.2) | 4.01 (3.69, 4.36) | 3.34 (3.04, 3.68) | <0.001 |
| 3 to <12 months | 1,056 (1.1) | 4,399 (0.5) | 2.48 (2.32, 2.65) | 2.06 (1.91, 2.22) | <0.001 |
| ≥12 months | 5,257 (5.6) | 43,154 (4.5) | 1.25 (1.22, 1.29) | 1.18 (1.15, 1.22) | <0.001 |
| Women | |||||
| <3 months | 644 (1.3) | 2,051 (0.4) | 3.34 (3.06, 3.65) | 2.78 (2.51, 3.09) | <0.001 |
| 3 to <12 months | 830 (1.7) | 4,593 (0.9) | 1.92 (1.79, 2.07) | 1.53 (1.41, 1.67) | <0.001 |
| ≥12 months | 4,097 (8.3) | 42,686 (8.2) | 1.01 (0.98, 1.04) | 0.97 (0.94, 1.01) | 0.06 |
a
Adjusted for age, birth country, marital status, education, income, myocardial infarction, alcohol use disorder, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, and Charlson Comorbidity Index.
CI = confidence interval, IRR = incidence rate ratio