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Chronic circadian disruption interferes with active escape learning in the shuttlebox. (A) Escape latencies were equivalent between HC and ES groups maintained on a standard LD cycle. Escape latencies for CPA groups were similar indicating that CPA impaired active escape learning. Each block is comprised of 5 trials; block 1 represents FR-1 responses and blocks 2–6 represent subsequent FR-2 responses. Each circle represents the mean ± SEM, p < 0.05 unless otherwise indicated.
