Table 2.
The frequency of major food intake according to feeding time window duration (time feeding restricted to 10 h vs. no restriction).
| Variables | TRF* (n = 409) | No restriction (n = 944) | φ | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Main food (%) | 0.11 | < 0.001 | ||
| ≥ 3 times/day | 382 (93.4) | 920 (97.5) | ||
| ≤ 2 times/day | 27 (6.6) | 24 (2.5) | ||
| Vegetable and fruit (%) | 0.01 | 0.778 | ||
| ≥ 2 times/day | 384 (93.9) | 890 (94.3) | ||
| < 2 times/day | 25 (6.1) | 54 (5.7) | ||
| Coarse cereals (corn) (%) | 0.05 | 0.286 | ||
| ≥ 1 time/day | 96 (23.5) | 225 (23.8) | ||
| 4–6 times/week | 11 (2.7) | 14 (1.5) | ||
| 1–3 times/week | 78 (19.1) | 157 (16.6) | ||
| < 1 time/week | 224 (54.8) | 548 (58.1) | ||
| Eggs (%) | 0.04 | 0.472 | ||
| ≥ 1 time/day | 231 (56.5) | 512 (54.2) | ||
| 4-6times/week | 51 (12.5) | 101 (10.7) | ||
| 1-3times/week | 87 (21.3) | 232 (24.6) | ||
| < 1time/week | 40 (9.8) | 99 (10.5) | ||
| Legumes (%) | 0.06 | 0.195 | ||
| ≥ 1 time/day | 9 (2.2) | 24 (2.5) | ||
| 4–6 times/week | 7 (1.7) | 37 (3.9) | ||
| 1–3 times/week | 198 (48.4) | 453 (48.0) | ||
| < 1 time/week | 195 (47.7) | 430 (45.6) | ||
| Nuts (%) | 0.04 | 0.490 | ||
| ≥ 1 time/day | 41 (10.0) | 76 (8.1) | ||
| 4–6 times/week | 31 (7.6) | 69 (7.3) | ||
| 1–3 times/week | 72 (17.6) | 192 (20.3) | ||
| < 1time/week | 265 (64.8) | 607 (64.3) | ||
| Fish (%) | 0.07 | 0.074 | ||
| ≥ 1 time/day | 17 (4.2) | 42 (4.4) | ||
| 4–6 times/week | 60 (14.7) | 157 (16.6) | ||
| 1–3 times/week | 129 (31.5) | 349 (37.0) | ||
| < 1 time/week | 203 (49.6) | 396 (41.9) | ||
| Poultry (%) | 0.03 | 0.765 | ||
| ≥ 1 time/day | 3 (0.7) | 7 (0.7) | ||
| 4–6 times/week | 3 (0.7) | 4 (0.4) | ||
| 1–3 times/week | 89 (21.8) | 225 (23.8) | ||
| < 1 time/week | 314 (76.8) | 708 (75.0) | ||
| Red meat (%) | 0.03 | 0.721 | ||
| ≥ 1 time/day | 27(6.6) | 74(7.8) | ||
| 4–6 times/week | 17(4.2) | 32(3.4) | ||
| 1–3 times/week | 163(39.9) | 388(41.1) | ||
| < 1 time/week | 202(49.4) | 450(47.7) | ||
| Processed meat (%) | 0.05 | 0.234 | ||
| ≥ 1 time/day | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| 4–6 times/week | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| 1–3 times/week | 19 (4.6) | 36 (3.8) | ||
| < 1 time/week | 389 (95.1) | 908 (96.2) | ||
| Dairy products (%) | 0.04 | 0.513 | ||
| ≥ 1 time/day | 90 (22.0) | 176 (18.6) | ||
| 4–6 times/week | 13 (3.2) | 27 (2.9) | ||
| 1–3 times/week | 31 (7.6) | 79 (8.4) | ||
| < 1 time/week | 275 (67.2) | 662 (70.1) | ||
| Alcohol (%) | 0.04 | 0.184 | ||
| ≥ 1 cup/week | 77 (18.8) | 208 (22.0) | ||
| < 1 cup/week | 332 (81.2) | 736 (78.0) | ||
| Tea (%) | 0.01 | 0.910 | ||
| ≥ 1cup/week | 67 (16.4) | 157 (16.6) | ||
| < 1cup/week | 342 (83.6) | 787 (83.4) |
TRF Time restricted feeding.
*TRF is the control group. △φ indicates effects sizes in Chi-squared test.