Table 3.
Crude and adjusted analyses of the association between TRF (time feeding restricted to 10 h vs. no restriction) and demographic, psychosocial and behavioral factors.
| n (%) | Crude analysis PR (95% CI) |
Model 1a PR (95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Age group (years) | |||
| 60–64 | 47 (3.5) | Reference | Reference |
| 65–74 | 823 (60.8) | 1.09 (0.61–1.94) | 1.11 (0.62–2.00) |
| ≥ 75 | 483 (35.7) | 1.37 (0.76–2.46)* | 1.30 (0.71–2.39)* |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 563 (41.6) | Reference | Reference |
| Female | 790 (58.4) | 1.10 (0.90–1.34) | 1.12 (0.88–1.43) |
| Illiterate | |||
| No | 1182 (87.4) | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 171 (12.6) | 1.24 (0.94–1.62) | 1.17 (0.87–1.58) |
| Widowed | |||
| No | 1076 (79.5) | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 277 (20.5) | 1.14 (0.91–1.44) | 1.03 (0.70–1.50) |
| Living alone | |||
| No | 1115 (82.4) | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 238 (17.6) | 1.09 (0.85–1.39) | 1.06 (0.73–1.55) |
| Farming | |||
| No | 585 (43.2) | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 768 (56.8) | 0.84 (0.69–1.02)* | 0.76 (0.62–0.93)* |
| Smoking | |||
| Non-smoker | 945 (69.8) | Reference | Reference |
| Former smoker | 219 (16.2) | 1.16 (0.86–1.55) | 1.13 (0.78–1.65) |
| Current smoker | 189 (14.0) | 0.93 (0.64–1.36) | 0.89 (0.61–1.31) |
| Drinking | |||
| Never drinker | 850 (62.8) | Reference | Reference |
| Former drinker | 143 (10.6) | 0.91 (0.60–1.37) | 0.88 (0.58–1.33) |
| Occasional drinker | 151 (11.2) | 1.29 (0.88–1.87) | 1.29 (0.87–1.90) |
| Current drinker | 209 (15.4) | 1.11 (0.84–1.48) | 1.01 (0.73–1.39) |
| The time of food intake | |||
| Daytime feeding | 1196 (88.4) | Reference | Reference |
| Night-time feeding | 157 (11.6) | 0.43 (0.31–0.96)* | 0.41 (0.26–0.64)* |
| Type-2 diabetes | |||
| No | 1119 (82.7) | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 234 (17.3) | 0.94 (0.72–1.22) | 0.84 (0.64–1.11) |
| Hypertension | |||
| No | 498 (36.8) | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 855 (63.2) | 1.25 (1.02–1.54)* | 1.19 (0.95–1.48)* |
| Dyslipidemia | |||
| No | 1175 (86.8) | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 178 (13.2) | 1.10 (0.83–1.44) | 1.06 (0.80–1.42) |
| Stroke | |||
| No | 951 (70.3) | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 402 (29.7) | 1.21 (0.98–1.48)* | 1.09 (0.87–1.36)* |
| Heart disease | |||
| No | 879 (65.0) | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 474 (35.0) | 1.02 (0.83–1.25) | 1.04 (0.84–1.29) |
| Cancer | |||
| No | 1307 (96.6) | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 46 (3.4) | 0.86 (0.48–1.53) | 1.01 (0.57–1.82) |
Poisson regression, TRF is the dependent variable.
TRF Time restricted feeding, PR prevalence ratio, CI confidence interval.
aModel 1 is adjusted for age, sex, BMI, IADL, illiterate, widowed, living alone, farming, smoking, drinking, the time of food intake, IPAQ, type-2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, stroke, heart disease, and cancer.
Likelihood ratio test, all P < 0.001; *P < 0.05.