Table 2. Quality of evidence assessment results of the Cochrane Risk of Bias for Randomized Controlled Trials [21], CONSORT guidelines [23], and JADAD score [22].
| Reference | Year | Cochrane Risk of Bias for Randomized Controlled Trials | CONSORT guideline (1–25) | JADAD (1–5) | Total quality score (9–51) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selection bias Random sequence generationa | Selection bias Allocation concealmenta | Reporting bias Selective reportinga | Other bias Other sources of biasa | Performance bias Blinding (participants and personnel)a | Detection bias Blinding (outcome assessment)a | Attrition bias Incomplete outcome dataa | Total score (7–21) | |||||
| Eslamian et al [51] | 2020 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 17 | 22 | 5 | 44 |
| Kopets et al [38] | 2020 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 18 | 18 | 5 | 41 |
| Steiner et al [42] | 2020 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 17 | 15 | 3 | 35 |
| Ardestani Zadeh et al [27] | 2019 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 16 | 15 | 3 | 34 |
| Kızılay and Altay [28] | 2019 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 14 | 12 | 3 | 29 |
| Nouri et al [60] | 2019 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 20 | 17 | 5 | 42 |
| Blomberg Jensen et al [69] | 2018 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 20 | 24 | 4 | 48 |
| Busetto et al [36] | 2018 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 20 | 20 | 4 | 44 |
| Lu et al [55] | 2018 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 20 | 14 | 3 | 37 |
| Stenqvist et al [43] | 2018 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 20 | 21 | 5 | 46 |
| Busetto et al [35] | 2017 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 16 | 17 | 4 | 37 |
| Barekat et al [29] | 2016 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 14 | 13 | 2 | 29 |
| Ener et al [30] | 2016 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 12 | 13 | 2 | 27 |
| Boonyarangkul et al [46] | 2015 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 16 | 13 | 3 | 32 |
| Cyrus et al [31] | 2015 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 19 | 21 | 5 | 45 |
| Haghighian et al [53] | 2015 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 20 | 22 | 5 | 47 |
| Moslemi Mehni et al [57] | 2014 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 11 | 13 | 2 | 26 |
| Azizollahi et al [32] | 2013 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 12 | 10 | 3 | 25 |
| da Silva et al [49] | 2013 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 18 | 17 | 5 | 40 |
| Gopinath et al [37] | 2013 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 14 | 17 | 3 | 34 |
| Safarinejad et al [64] | 2012 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 21 | 20 | 5 | 46 |
| Nadjarzadeh et al [59] | 2011 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 19 | 19 | 4 | 42 |
| Safarinejad [65] | 2011 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 20 | 19 | 5 | 44 |
| Dimitriadis et al [50] | 2010 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 12 | 14 | 2 | 15 |
| Martinez-Soto et al [56] | 2010 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 19 | 15 | 4 | 38 |
| Morgante et al [58] | 2010 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 12 | 9 | 2 | 23 |
| Peivandi et al [62] | 2010 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 18 | 8 | 3 | 29 |
| Balercia et al [34] | 2009 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 17 | 12 | 2 | 31 |
| Ciftci et al [47] | 2009 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 17 | 14 | 4 | 35 |
| Safarinejad and Safarinejad [66] | 2009 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 20 | 20 | 4 | 44 |
| Safarinejad [67] | 2009 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 20 | 20 | 4 | 44 |
| Stanislavov et al [68] | 2009 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 17 | 14 | 3 | 34 |
| Omu et al [61] | 2008 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 9 | 9 | 2 | 20 |
| Paradiso Galatioto et al [40] | 2008 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 16 | 18 | 3 | 37 |
| Sigman et al [71] | 2006 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 14 | 15 | 3 | 32 |
| Balercia et al [33] | 2005 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 14 | 12 | 3 | 29 |
| Greco et al [52] | 2005 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 15 | 13 | 3 | 31 |
| Lenzi et al [54] | 2003 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 16 | 15 | 3 | 34 |
| Závaczki et al [45] | 2003 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 13 | 8 | 2 | 23 |
| Conquer et al [48] | 2000 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 16 | 16 | 3 | 35 |
| Rolf et al [63] | 1999 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 17 | 16 | 3 | 36 |
| Omu et al [39] | 1998 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 11 | 13 | 1 | 25 |
| Scott et al [41] | 1998 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 17 | 14 | 4 | 35 |
| Suleiman et al [44] | 1996 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 12 | 6 | 3 | 21 |
| Dawson et al [70] | 1990 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 15 | 8 | 2 | 28 |
aHigh risk of bias=1; Unclear risk of bias=2; Low risk of bias=3.