Table 4.
Association between worry about different forms of crime and loneliness in nine countries of the former Soviet Union.
| Model 1 |
Model 2 |
Model 3 |
Model 4 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | |
| Worry about … | ||||
| Having things stolen from the house (N = 16144) | ||||
| Not worried at all | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Not really worried | 0.87 (0.74–1.02) | 0.85 (0.71–1.02) | 0.86 (0.72–1.03) | 0.86 (0.72–1.03) |
| Rather worried | 0.96 (0.82–1.13) | 0.99 (0.83–1.18) | 1.01 (0.84–1.21) | 0.99 (0.83–1.19) |
| Very worried | 1.27 (1.10–1.47)** | 1.34 (1.14–1.57)*** | 1.27 (1.08–1.50)** | 1.25 (1.06–1.48)** |
| Being harassed/threatened on the street (N = 16145) | ||||
| Not worried at all | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Not really worried | 0.88 (0.75–1.04) | 0.89 (0.75–1.07) | 0.90 (0.75–1.07) | 0.89 (0.74–1.07) |
| Rather worried | 0.99 (0.85–1.16) | 1.08 (0.91–1.29) | 1.08 (0.91–1.30) | 1.07 (0.90–1.28) |
| Very worried | 1.33 (1.15–1.54)*** | 1.51 (1.28–1.78)*** | 1.42 (1.20–1.68)*** | 1.39 (1.18–1.65)*** |
| Being robbed on the street (N = 16116) | ||||
| Not worried at all | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Not really worried | 0.98 (0.84–1.15) | 1.02 (0.86–1.21) | 1.03 (0.87–1.23) | 1.03 (0.86–1.22) |
| Rather worried | 0.95 (0.81–1.12) | 1.07 (0.90–1.28) | 1.08 (0.90–1.30) | 1.07 (0.89–1.28) |
| Very worried | 1.28 (1.11–1.49)** | 1.46 (1.24–1.73)*** | 1.39 (1.17–1.64)*** | 1.36 (1.15–1.62)*** |
| Being sexually molested (N = 15843) | ||||
| Not worried at all | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Not really worried | 0.96 (0.83–1.13) | 0.98 (0.82–1.16) | 0.97 (0.81–1.16) | 0.97 (0.81–1.15) |
| Rather worried | 0.85 (0.70–1.04) | 1.04 (0.83–1.29) | 1.05 (0.84–1.31) | 1.04 (0.83–1.30) |
| Very worried | 1.14 (0.97–1.34) | 1.51 (1.26–1.80)*** | 1.45 (1.20–1.74)*** | 1.43 (1.19–1.72)*** |
| Suffering abuse because of nationality (N = 16093) | ||||
| Not worried at all | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Not really worried | 0.97 (0.83–1.14) | 0.89 (0.75–1.06) | 0.87 (0.73–1.04) | 0.87 (0.73–1.05) |
| Rather worried | 1.11 (0.88–1.39) | 1.06 (0.83–1.36) | 1.10 (0.86–1.41) | 1.09 (0.85–1.41) |
| Very worried | 1.29 (1.07–1.54)** | 1.34 (1.10–1.64)** | 1.26 (1.03–1.54)* | 1.25 (1.02–1.53)* |
OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; Ref: Reference category.
Model 1 examined the association between worry about crime and loneliness; Model 2 was adjusted for age, sex, educational level, marital status, household financial status, living alone and location; Model 3 was adjusted for the variables in Model 2 and self-rated health and psychological distress; Model 4 was adjusted for the variables in Model 3 and crime victimisation.
***p < .001, **p < .01, *p < .05; All models were adjusted for country.