Table 6.
Effect of glycine on the intestinal mucosa antioxidant status of heat-stressed broilers.
| Effect of glycine under HT |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatments1 |
CON vs. HT |
P value |
||||||||
| Items | CON | HT | 0.5%Gly | 1.0%Gly | 2.0%Gly | SEM | P value | Main effect | Linear | Quadratic |
| Duodenum | ||||||||||
| CAT (U/mg prot) | 1.74 | 1.48 | 1.03 | 0.84 | 1.34 | 0.15 | 0.583 | 0.427 | 0.648 | 0.123 |
| H2O2 (mmol/mg prot) | 3.40 | 2.90 | 2.40 | 2.30 | 1.96 | 0.13 | 0.497 | 0.087 | 0.015 | 0.729 |
| MDA (nmol/mg prot) | 0.91 | 0.78 | 0.63 | 0.80 | 0.94 | 0.11 | 0.671 | 0.792 | 0.512 | 0.507 |
| SOD (U/mg prot) | 83.85 | 85.21 | 88.90 | 73.98 | 78.38 | 3.35 | 0.847 | 0.413 | 0.251 | 0.958 |
| T-AOC (U/mg prot) | 0.93 | 1.00 | 0.98 | 0.94 | 0.97 | 0.06 | 0.666 | 0.987 | 0.804 | 0.854 |
| GPX (U/mg prot) | 41.28 | 31.13 | 18.39 | 22.13 | 19.34 | 2.36 | 0.189 | 0.114 | 0.064 | 0.197 |
| T-GSH (μmol/mg prot) | 62.06 | 67.66 | 62.55 | 51.91 | 45.35 | 3.44 | 0.580 | 0.080 | 0.012 | 0.909 |
| GSH (μmol/mg prot) | 27.20 | 33.95 | 31.05 | 25.29 | 24.15 | 1.83 | 0.213 | 0.181 | 0.035 | 0.804 |
| GSSG (μmol/mg prot) | 17.43 | 16.85 | 15.75 | 13.31 | 10.60 | 1.02 | 0.874 | 0.125 | 0.021 | 0.676 |
| Jejunum | ||||||||||
| CAT (U/mg prot) | 2.37 | 2.95 | 1.99 | 3.74 | 3.03 | 0.26 | 0.545 | 0.125 | 0.381 | 0.279 |
| H2O2 (mmol/mg prot) | 4.78 | 5.68 | 4.63 | 4.89 | 3.94 | 0.30 | 0.352 | 0.264 | 0.083 | 0.949 |
| MDA (nmol/mg prot) | 2.04 | 2.52 | 1.64 | 2.16 | 1.84 | 0.11 | 0.203 | 0.016 | 0.078 | 0.144 |
| SOD (U/mg prot) | 114.86 | 126.46 | 118.26 | 145.67 | 135.04 | 4.88 | 0.381 | 0.281 | 0.243 | 0.795 |
| T-AOC (U/mg prot) | 0.96 | 1.05 | 1.04 | 1.31 | 0.99 | 0.06 | 0.575 | 0.299 | 0.734 | 0.282 |
| GPX (U/mg prot) | 69.59 | 44.37 | 42.84 | 46.09 | 38.47 | 5.539 | 0.287 | 0.972 | 0.787 | 0.799 |
| T-GSH (μmol/mg prot) | 19.92 | 30.95 | 33.78 | 29.31 | 22.06 | 2.04 | 0.049 | 0.231 | 0.103 | 0.208 |
| GSH (μmol/mg prot) | 44.01 | 64.75 | 33.67 | 44.77 | 50.50 | 4.44 | 0.115 | 0.084 | 0.393 | 0.034 |
| GSSG (μmol/mg prot) | 11.76 | 17.31 | 9.83 | 10.10 | 8.59 | 1.23 | 0.022 | 0.059 | 0.033 | 0.112 |
| Ileum | ||||||||||
| CAT (U/mg prot) | 2.33 | 4.86 | 6.94 | 4.94 | 5.09 | 0.30 | 0.003 | 0.032 | 0.585 | 0.082 |
| H2O2 (mmol/mg prot) | 2.01 | 3.62 | 3.70 | 3.07 | 2.49 | 0.16 | 0.009 | 0.007 | 0.001 | 0.188 |
| MDA (nmol/mg prot) | 0.20 | 0.26 | 0.28 | 0.32 | 0.30 | 0.03 | 0.401 | 0.946 | 0.628 | 0.802 |
| SOD (U/mg prot) | 68.95 | 136.86 | 147.49 | 137.88 | 125.15 | 5.50 | 0.004 | 0.585 | 0.384 | 0.311 |
| T-AOC (U/mg prot) | 0.28 | 0.56 | 1.13 | 1.12 | 0.94 | 0.14 | 0.036 | 0.446 | 0.366 | 0.193 |
| GPX (U/mg prot) | 24.17 | 58.38 | 76.20 | 91.07 | 32.68 | 6.19 | 0.004 | 0.001 | 0.138 | <0.001 |
| T-GSH (μmol/mg prot) | 86.93 | 86.77 | 88.3 | 68.31 | 50.56 | 5.35 | 0.991 | 0.022 | 0.004 | 0.281 |
| GSH (μmol/mg prot) | 34.97 | 46.44 | 32.17 | 31.52 | 24.60 | 2.95 | 0.102 | 0.035 | 0.007 | 0.464 |
| GSSG (μmol/mg prot) | 25.98 | 20.17 | 26.20 | 20.84 | 17.93 | 1.81 | 0.275 | 0.454 | 0.568 | 0.207 |
Abbreviations: CAT, catalase; GPX, glutathione peroxidase; GSH, glutathione; GSSG, oxidized GSH; H2O2, hydrogen peroxide; MDA, malondialdehyde; SOD, superoxide dismutase; T-AOC, total antioxidant capacity.
1
CON: basal diet and raised under thermoneutral conditions; HT: basal diet and raised under cyclic high-temperature conditions; 0.5% Gly, 1.0% Gly, 2.0% Gly: basal diet supplemented with 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0% glycine under cyclic high-temperature conditions (n = 6).