Table 1.
Characteristics of 2014 older adult Medicare beneficiaries enrolled in MTM, offered a CMR, and received a CMR.
| MTM Enrollmenta | CMR Offera | CMR Receiveda | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
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| Not Enrolled | Enrolled | No CMR Offer | CMR Offer | No CMR | CMR Received | |
|
|
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| (n = 5,152,934) | (n = 669,254) | (n = 20,053) | (n = 649,201) | (n = 530,020) | (n = 119,181) | |
|
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| Predisposing Characteristics | ||||||
|
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| Age, Mean (SD), years | 75.5 (7.5) | 75.9 (7.3) | 76.1 (7.3) | 75.9 (7.3) | 76.0 (7.4) | 75.4 (6.9) |
| Male, No. (%) | 2,067,474 (40.1) | 257,828 (38.5) | 7,654 (38.2) | 250,174 (38.5) | 205,780 (38.8) | 44,394 (37.3) |
| Race/Ethnicity, No. (%) | ||||||
| White | 4,017,480 (78.0) | 494,791 (73.9) | 12,481 (62.2) | 482,310 (74.3) | 396,331 (74.8) | 85,979 (72.1) |
| Black | 425,510 (8.3) | 71,475 (10.7) | 3,257 (16.2) | 68,218 (10.5) | 52,581 (9.9) | 15,637 (13.1) |
| Asian | 171,763 (3.3) | 20,341 (3.0) | 542 (2.7) | 19,799 (3.1) | 17,151 (3.2) | 2,648 (2.2) |
| Hispanic | 444,331 (8.6) | 72,610 (10.9) | 3,512 (17.5) | 69,098 (10.6) | 55,810 (10.5) | 13,288 (11.2) |
| North American Native | 13,718 (0.3) | 2,261 (0.3) | 43 (0.2) | 2,218 (0.3) | 1,893 (0.4) | 325 (0.3) |
| Other/Unknown | 80,132 (1.6) | 7,776 (1.2) | 218 (1.1) | 7,558 (1.2) | 6,254 (1.2) | 1,304 (1.1) |
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| Enabling Characteristics | ||||||
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| Income Based Enrollment Status, No. (%) | ||||||
| Dual Medicaid Enrollment | 596,541 (11.6) | 150,074 (22.4) | 4,237 (21.1) | 145,837 (22.5) | 124,192 (23.4) | 21,645 (18.2) |
| Qualified Medicare Beneficiary | 121,802 (2.4) | 21,732 (3.2) | 695 (3.5) | 21,037 (3.2) | 16,309 (3.1) | 4,728 (4.0) |
| Specified Low-Income Medicare Beneficiary | 84,984 (1.7) | 17,397 (2.6) | 618 (3.1) | 16,779 (2.6) | 12,641 (2.4) | 4,138 (3.5) |
| No Low Income Subsidy | 4,349,607 (84.4) | 480,051 (71.7) | 14,503 (72.3) | 465,548 (71.7) | 376,878 (71.1) | 88,670 (74.4) |
| Copayment Status during Year, No. (%) | ||||||
| Catastrophic Coverage | 173,425 (3.4) | 148,283 (22.2) | 2,476 (12.4) | 145,807 (22.5) | 118,921 (22.4) | 26,886 (22.6) |
| Coverage Gap Exposure | 541,873 (10.5) | 238,809 (35.7) | 3,703 (18.5) | 235,106 (36.2) | 188,944 (35.7) | 46,162 (38.7) |
| No Coverage Gap Exposure | 4,437,636 (86.1) | 282,162 (42.2) | 13,874 (69.2) | 268,288 (41.3) | 222,155 (41.9) | 46,133 (38.7) |
| Geographic Region, No. (%) | ||||||
| North East | 968,186 (18.8) | 120,372 (18.0) | 1,680 (8.4) | 118,692 (18.3) | 97,386 (18.4) | 21,306 (17.9) |
| South | 1,799,667 (34.9) | 274,462 (41.0) | 11,114 (55.4) | 263,348 (40.6) | 214,820 (40.5) | 48,528 (40.7) |
| Midwest | 1,141,975 (22.2) | 155,654 (23.3) | 3,638 (18.1) | 152,016 (23.4) | 128,318 (24.2) | 23,698 (19.9) |
| West | 1,139,707 (22.1) | 106,337 (15.9) | 2,232 (11.1) | 104,105 (16.0) | 80,754 (15.2) | 23,351 (19.6) |
| Other | 103,399 (2.0) | 12,429 (1.9) | 1,389 (6.9) | 11,040 (1.7) | 8,742 (1.7) | 2,298 (1.9) |
| Urban Residence, No. (%) | 4,259,695 (82.7) | 546,899 (81.7) | 16,785 (83.7) | 530,114 (81.7) | 430,298 (81.2) | 99,816 (83.8) |
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| Need Characteristics | ||||||
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| Any Hospitalization, No. (%) | 447,615 (8.7) | 114,329 (17.1) | 1,738 (8.7) | 112,591 (17.3) | 100,383 (18.9) | 12,208 (10.2) |
| Any ED Visit, No. (%) | 626,297 (12.2) | 121,330 (18.1) | 1,691 (8.4) | 119,639 (18.4) | 105,675 (19.9) | 13,964 (11.7) |
| Hospitalizations, Mean (SD) | 0.1 (0.48) | 0.3 (0.80) | 0.2 (0.66) | 0.3 (0.81) | 0.3 (0.85) | 0.2 (0.60) |
| ED Visits, Mean (SD) | 0.2 (0.68) | 0.3 (0.94) | 0.2 (0.73) | 0.3 (0.94) | 0.3 (0.98) | 0.2 (0.74) |
| Elixhauser Conditions, Mean (SD) | 0.6 (1.50) | 1.5 (2.62) | 0.7 (2.06) | 1.5 (2.63) | 1.7 (2.71) | 0.9 (2.14) |
| Elixhauser Admission Weight, Mean (SD) | 3.0 (9.24) | 8.1 (16.04) | 4.0 (12.42) | 8.2 (16.12) | 8.9 (16.69) | 5.0 (12.79) |
| Elixhauser Mortality Weight, Mean (SD) | 1.1 (4.68) | 2.4 (7.08) | 1.2 (5.13) | 2.4 (7.13) | 2.7 (7.44) | 1.4 (5.40) |
| Therapeutic Drug Classes, Mean (SD) | 7.2 (4.79) | 14.4 (5.47) | 11.4 (6.14) | 14.5 (5.42) | 14.5 (5.47) | 14.9 (5.17) |
| Specific Elixhauser Conditions, No. (%) | ||||||
| Diabetes | 311,133 (6.0) | 154,829 (23.1) | 1,952 (9.7) | 152,877 (23.5) | 134,837 (25.4) | 18,040 (15.1) |
| Hypertension | 834,790 (16.2) | 192,078 (28.7) | 2,624 (13.1) | 189,454 (29.2) | 167,517 (31.6) | 21,937 (18.4) |
| Congestive Heart Failure | 120,992 (2.4) | 57,449 (8.6) | 898 (4.5) | 56,551 (8.7) | 50,485 (9.5) | 6,066 (5.1) |
| Chronic Pulmonary Disease | 190,653 (3.7) | 71,291 (10.7) | 1,090 (5.4) | 70,201 (10.8) | 61,360 (11.6) | 8,841 (7.4) |
| Depression | 105,003 (2.0) | 36,445 (5.4) | 688 (3.4) | 35,757 (5.5) | 31,799 (6.0) | 3,958 (3.3) |
a
Chi-square tests for categorical variables and two-tailed t-tests for continuous variables comparing enrolled in MTM vs. not enrolled, offered a CMR vs. not offered, and CMR received vs. not received were all significant at p < 0.001.