Figure 4. WHO prioritisation of pathogens to guide research and development of new antibiotics.

(World Health Organization, 2017); ESKAPE pathogens play a critical role in nosocomial infections with critical resistance development and limited treatment options (red box; Rice, ²⁰⁰⁸; Boucher et al, ²⁰⁰⁹). The category “critical priority” includes Gram‐negative ESKAPE pathogens; the category “high priority” includes Gram‐positive ESKAPE and high community‐burden Gram‐negative pathogens, which have limited treatment options and critical resistance development; the category “medium priority” includes community‐relevant Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive pathogens with limited treatment options.