Table 5.
CABG in Latino/Hispanic vs Non-Latino/Hispanic Patients Across COVID Years
| Pre-COVID |
COVID Year 1 |
COVID Year 2 |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Latino or Hispanic (n = 27) | Non-Latino or Hispanic (n = 132) | p | Latino or Hispanic (n = 35) | Non-Latino or Hispanic (n = 86) | p | Latino or Hispanic (n = 29) | Non-Latino or Hispanic (n = 111) | p | |
| Age, y | 64.15 (9.49) | 65.54 (9.53) | 0.491 | 62.71 (12.22) | 65.59 (9.79) | 0.176 | 58.76 (13.49) | 66.71 (10.61) | < 0.005 |
| Female sex | 7 (25.92) | 22 (16.66) | 0.389 | 12 (34.28) | 16 (18.60) | 0.106 | 6 (20.69) | 14 (12.613) | 0.419 |
| Insurance provider | 0.2 | 0.025 | 0.236 | ||||||
| Commercial | 5 (18.51) | 37 (28.03) | 7 (20.0) | 37 (43.02) | 6 (20.69) | 30 (27.02) | |||
| Medi-Cal | 6 (22.22) | 10 (7.576) | 7 (20.0) | 4 (4.65) | 6 (20.69) | 12 (10.81) | |||
| Medicare | 13 (48.14) | 64 (48.48) | 16 (45.71) | 38 (44.18) | 15 (51.72) | 52 (46.84) | |||
| Other | 1 (3.70) | 5 (3.78) | 1 (2.85) | 1 (1.16) | 1 (3.44) | 1 (0.90) | |||
| Managed care | 2 (7.40) | 16 (12.12) | 4 (11.42) | 6 (6.97) | 1 (3.44) | 16 (14.41) | |||
| Preprocedure admission status | 0.816 | 0.721 | 0.073 | ||||||
| Same day admit | 12 (44.444) | 56 (42.42) | 18 (51.42) | 39 (45.34) | 9 (31.03) | 58 (52.25) | |||
| Inpatient | 7 (25.92) | 29 (21.97) | 7 (20.0) | 23 (26.74) | 10 (34.48) | 20 (18.01) | |||
| ED admit | 8 (29.63) | 47 (35.60) | 10 (28.57) | 24 (27.90) | 10 (34.48) | 33 (29.73) | |||
| Socioeconomic factors, ZCTA-based | |||||||||
| Median income deciles, USD | 70,948 (20,581) | 91,615 (338,68) | < 0.005 | 71,079 (21,390) | 88,846 (32,101) | < 0.005 | 73,061 (23,558) | 93,175 (36,990) | 0.006 |
| Families in poverty, n (%) | 11.02 (6.17) | 7.83 (5.86) | 0.012 | 11.14 (6.44) | 7.8 (5.21) | < 0.005 | 10.28 (5.21) | 7.8 (5.72) | 0.036 |
| Unemployed, n (%) | 6.57 (1.9) | 5.91 (1.77) | 0.086 | 7.03 (1.91) | 6.03 (1.8) | 0.007 | 6.32 (1.73) | 6.03 (1.71) | 0.418 |
| Outcomes | |||||||||
| Hospital length of stay, h | 442.3 (406.24) | 348.32 (320.4) | 0.188 | 662.09 (2049.01) | 345.55 (373.79) | 0.169 | 369.86 (307.53) | 309.12 (222.36) | 0.231 |
| ICU length of stay, h | 243.44 (318.5) | 212.32 (331.1) | 0.655 | 1694.02 (9314.77) | 188.43 (422.15) | 0.135 | 125.8 (83.48) | 121.14 (96.66) | 0.813 |
NOTE. Data is present as mean (SD) or count (%) where appropriate.
Abbreviations: AF, atrial fibrillation; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; ED, emergency department; ICU, intensive care unit; TAVR, transcatheter aortic valve replacement; ZCTA, ZIP code tabulation area.