Table 9.
TAVR in Non-Hispanic White and Black and/or African American Patients Across COVID Years
| Pre-COVID |
COVID Year 1 |
COVID Year 2 |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-Hispanic White (n = 58) | Black and/or African American (n = 1) | p | Non-Hispanic White (n = 51) | Black and/or African American (n = 6) | p | Non-Hispanic White (n = 71) | Black and/or African American (n = 7) | p | |
| Age, y | 79.34 (8.12) | 81.0 (NA) | 0.295 | 79.96 (8.86) | 72.67 (7.09) | 0.295 | 78.97 (8.15) | 80.0 (10.63) | 0.295 |
| Female sex | 23 (39.65) | 0 (0.0) | 1 | 21 (41.17) | 3 (50.0) | 1 | 29 (40.84) | 3 (42.85) | 1 |
| Insurance provider | 0.854 | 0.336 | 0.738 | ||||||
| Commercial | 5 (8.62) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.96) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (7.04) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| Medi-Cal | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.81) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| Medicare | 44 (75.86) | 1 (100.0) | 37 (72.54) | 6 (100.0) | 60 (84.50) | 7 (100.0) | |||
| Other | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| Managed care | 9 (15.51) | 0 (0.0) | 13 (25.4) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (5.63) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| Pre-procedure admission status | 0.109 | 0.021 | 0.668 | ||||||
| Same day admit | 40 (68.96) | 0 (0.0) | 40 (78.43) | 2 (33.33) | 57 (80.28) | 5 (71.42) | |||
| Inpatient | 8 (13.79) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (11.76) | 1 (16.66) | 4 (5.63) | 1 (14.28) | |||
| ED admit | 10 (17.24) | 1 (100.0) | 5 (9.80) | 3 (50.0) | 10 (14.08) | 1 (14.28) | |||
| Socioeconomic factors, ZCTA-based | |||||||||
| Median income deciles, USD | 100,244 (35,357.25) | 84,505.0 (NA) | < 0.005 | 104,471 (31,567.08) | 64,990 (21,515.43) | < 0.005 | 109,082 (38,331.42) | 49,679 (6,508.79) | < 0.005 |
| Families in poverty, n (%) | 5.48 (3.57) | 5.4 (NA) | < 0.005 | 5.93 (3.71) | 13.85 (7.52) | < 0.005 | 5.07 (3.35) | 17.36 (6.51) | < 0.005 |
| Unemployed, n (%) | 5.97 (1.87) | 5.5 (NA) | < 0.005 | 5.44 (1.57) | 6.8 (1.89) | < 0.005 | 5.69 (1.74) | 9.3 (0.79) | < 0.005 |
| Outcomes | |||||||||
| Hospital length of stay, h | 123.69 (121.92) | 191.0 (NA) | 0.706 | 121.75 (155.78) | 229.83 (123.04) | 0.706 | 147.49 (349.69) | 90.71 (109.9) | 0.706 |
| ICU length of stay, h | 16.98 (26.78) | 0.0 (NA) | 0.659 | 54.96 (229.05) | 40.43 (99.04) | 0.659 | 35.19 (130.43) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.659 |
NOTE. Data is present as mean (SD) or count (%) where appropriate.
Abbreviations: AF, atrial fibrillation; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; ED, emergency department; ICU, intensive care unit; TAVR, transcatheter aortic valve replacement; ZCTA, ZIP code tabulation area.