STATs and NF-κB may be involved in IL-17A-associated neuroinflammation.
(A) Top row: number of differentially expressed transcription factors at the mRNA level; bottom row: Stat1 and Stat3 mRNA expression levels were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 6 per group). **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, vs. control (CON) group (unpaired Student’s t-test for Stat3, non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test for Stat1). (B–D) Representative photomicrographs of Stat1 (Cy3, red) (B), Stat3 (Cy3, red) (C), and pNF-κB (Cy3, red) (D). TBI activated Stats and NF-κB, transcription factors that were involved in IL-17A-mediated neuroinflammation. Scale bars: 50 μm. DAPI: 4′,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; IL-17A: interleukin-17A; pNF-κB: nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB)phophoS536; Stat: signal transducer and activator of transcription; TF: transcription factor.