FIG. 4.

SLA induces a higher frequency of TNF-α-producing lymphocytes than LACK. (A) Percentage of TNF-α-producing cells in R1; (B) percentage of TNF-α-producing cells in the large lymphocyte region, R2. In all cases the frequency of cells after stimulation with SLA was significantly greater than after stimulation with LACK or medium alone. (MED). Data are the means ± standard errors for 13 individual patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis. The frequency of positive cells was determined using intracellular cytoplasmic staining of cytokines in conjunction with cell surface markers and flow cytometry analysis. The means were compared using the statistical program JMP and Student's t test; comparison of all pairs was made with a P value of <0.05.