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. 2023 Jan 9;13(3):1787–1810. doi: 10.1039/d2ra05903g

Summarized photovoltaic performance of the HTL-free PSCs.

Year of publication Structure PCE (%) Stability Stability test parameters Ref.
Normal structure
2012 FTO/c-TiO2/TiO2 nanosheet/MAPbI3/Au 5.5 117
2013 FTO/c-TiO2/m-TiO2/MAPbI3/Au 8.0 118
2014 FTO/c-TiO2/m-TiO2/MAPbI3/Au 10.85 119
2015 FTO/c-TiO2/m-TiO2/MAPbI3/C/Al 13.53 120
2016 FTO/c-TiO2/CsPbIBr2/Au 4.7 121
2018 FTO/c-TiO2/m-TiO2/MAPbI3−xClx/C 14.3 PCE of around 97.7% retained 210 d, 20 °C, RH (40–70%) 122
2018 FTO/c-TiO2/m-TiO2/MAPbI3-SWCNT/SWCNT-C 15.73 PCE of around 100% retained 90 d, dark, (i) RH [65 ± 5%], 25 ± 5 °C 123
(ii) RH (25 ± 5%), 75 ± 5 °C
2018 TO/c-TiO2/MAPbI3/C 13.52 PCE of around 100% retained 1200  s continuous light (1 sun, 1.5 AM) 124
2019 FTO/c-TiO2/m-TiO2/PbTiO3/MAPbI3/CNT 16.37 (i) PCE of around 95% retained (i) 70 d, dark, RH 20%, 25 °C 125
(ii) PCE of around 70% retained (ii) 40 d, dark, RH70%, 25 °C
2019 FTO/c-TiO2/m-TiO2/MAPbI3/MAPbIxBr3−x/C 16.3 PCE of around 85% retained Few days, RH 30%, 23 °C 126
Inverted structure
2015 ITO/MAPbI3/PC61BM/bis-C60/Ag 11.02 127
2015 TO/MAPbI3/C60/BCP/Ag 16 PCE of around 80% retained 3 d, glove box ambient (H2O <0.01 ppm, O2 <50.00 ppm) 128
2016 ITO glass/MAPbI3/PC61BM/Al 11.7 PCE of around 99% lost 300 m, RH 30%, 20 °C 129
2017 ITO/MAPbI3 (Cu(Tu)I)/C60/BCP/Ag 19.9 (i) PCE of around 89% retained (i) 55 d, dark 130
(ii) PCE of around 50% retained (ii) 14 h, illumination and working condition
2018 ITO/MAPbI3-F4TCNQ/C60/BCP/Cu 20.2 PCE of around 92% retained 500 h, ambient condition, RH 20%, 25 °C 107
2019 ITO/TAPC-ML/MAPbI3−xClx/C60/BCP/Ag 19.4 PCE of around 100% retained 600 s, continuous light, RH 40% 131
2022 ITO/Cs0.05(FA0.92MA0.08)0.95Pb(I0.92Br0.08)3/ETL/BCP/Cu 22 PCE of around 90% retained 1000 h, contentious white light, N2 ambient 115