Table 1.

Characteristics of the study population according to sex

	Men, n = 586	Women, n = 741	P *
General characteristics
Age, y, mean ± SD	68 ± 16	70 ± 16	< .0001
Years in school, mean ± SD	7.3 ± 4.4	5.8 ± 3.9	< .0001
Cardiovascular risk factors
Smoking
Former smoker, %	48.4	11.2	<.0001
Current smoker, %	20.2	11.0	<.0001
Pack-years, mean ± SD	30.2 ± 22.9	14.6 ± 8.8	<.0001
Body mass index, kg/m2, mean ± SD	27.0 ± 3.4	27.2 ± 4.6	.62
Waist circumference, men: more than 102 cm, women: more than 88 cm; %	16.8	46.9	<.0001
Alcohol intake, more than 30 g/day, %	28.5	3.4	<.0001
Physical activity, %
Sedentary	11.5	23.8
Light	75.5	72.2
Moderate-high	13.0	4.0	<.0001
LDL cholesterol, %
Less than 130 mg/dL	50.1	44.5
130 to 159 mg/dL	32.1	31.4
160 to 189 mg/dL	14.0	17.4
At least 190 mg/dL	3.9	6.7	<.02
HDL cholesterol less than 40 mg/dL, %	19.0	7.8	<.0001
Triglycerides, %
Less than 150 mg/dL	72.9	77.8
150 to 199 mg/dL	13.3	14.0
200 to 499 mg/dL	12.9	8.0
At least 500 mg/dL	0.8	0.1	<.02
Subclinical cardiovascular disease
ECG abnormalities	14.5	10.3	<.005
Ankle brachial index at least 0.90, %	16.1	11.0	<.001
Carotid stenosis more than 40% and/or bilateral plaques, %	39.6	29.2	<.0001
Conditions, %
Coronary heart disease	7.4	3.6	<.001
Congestive heart failure	0.8	2.1	.12
Stroke	2.4	1.2	<.05
Chronic obstructive lung disease	6.2	0.9	<.0001
Diabetes	7.4	6.4	.34
Hypertension	40.4	50.0	<.005
Osteoporosis	44.4	56.3	<.0005
Chronic renal failure	1.2	2.6	.4
Cancer	3.9	6.2	.11
Dementia	4.4	5.1	.55
Depression	10.4	24.5	<.0001
Disability in activities of daily living	6.6	8.2	.86

^*Age adjusted, from linear or logistic regression models.