TABLE 2.

Effect sizes from random effects meta‐analyses of dispersal syndromes, that is bias of phenotypic values for dispersers compared to residents

Phenotypic trait	Parameter	Estimate [CI]	I 2 [CI]
Body size	ALL	0.23 ± 0.08 [0.08–0.39], p = 0.003	78.4 [58.5–90.4]
	ABU	0.17 ± 0.11 [−0.04–0.39], p = 0.117	82.3 [65.7–92.2]
	LOW	0.34 ± 0.09 [0.17–0.51], p = 0.001	70.3 [41.9–86.3]
Locomotion morphology	ALL	0.24 ± 0.07 [0.11–0.38], p = 0.004	75.4 [53.1–89.4]
	NOPRED	0.25 ± 0.09 [0.07–0.42], p = 0.006	80.9 [59.7–91.3]
	PRED	0.31 ± 0.10 [0.12–0.50], p = 0.001	84.2 [69.5–93.2]
Activity	ALL	0.25 ± 0.10 [0.06–0.43], p = 0.009	88.9 [77.0–95.2]

Notes: Only effect sizes with substantial effects in best averaged models (see statistical and results sections and Table 1) are reported. Estimates and confidence intervals (CI) and heterogeneity index I ² of effect sizes among species (%) are given for each phenotypic trait overall environmental conditions (i.e. ALL) or in each environmental condition (ABU, abundant resources; LOW, low resources; NOPRED, without predation risk; PRED, with predation risk) depending on averaged models (Table 1).