TABLE 1.
Characteristics of the studies included in this systematic review and meta‐analysis
| First author, year | Country | Sample size | Study design | The primary site of cancer | Stage of cancer | Relationship to the patient | The tool used to assess depression/Cut‐off score | Prevalence of depression (case/total sample) (%) | NOS score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Given, 2005 56 | USA | 152 | Longitudinal | Breast, colon, lung and prostate cancer | I‐IV | Spouse, Daughter/Son or others | CESD‐20 (≥16 out of 60) | 47/152 = 31% | 8 |
| Young, 2008 57 | South Korea | 310 | CS | Stomach, liver, lung, colorectal, uterus, breast | I‐IV | Spouse, family member, or friend | BDI (>13 out of 63) | 207/310 = 66.7% | 8 |
| Tang, 2007 58 | Taiwan | 170 | CS | Any type | IV | Spouse or other family member | CESD‐20 (≥16 out of 60) | 75.90% | 8 |
| Grov, 2005 47 | Norway | 96 | CS | GI, Prostate, breast and others | IV | Spouse or other family member | HADS‐D (>8 out of 21) | 23/96 = 24% | 8 |
| Lauren, 2005 38 | USA | 200 | Longitudinal | Any type | IV | Spouse, child, sibling, friend, parent, other family member | DSM IV | 9/200 = 4.5% | 8 |
| Mohammed 2012 48 | Iran | 63 | CS | Breast cancer | I‐IV | Family member or friends | BDI (>10 out of 63) | 38/63 = 60.3% | 6 |
| Jill, 2002 59 | Canada | 44 | CS | Colorectal, pancreatic, leukemia, stomach, lung carcinoma & others | III and IV | Spouse, daughter or son | Short | 23/44 = 53% | 5 |
| Chris, 1999 39 | Netherlands | 148 | Longitudinal | Colorectal carcinoma | I‐IV | Spouse | Form of the profile of mood states | 71/148 = 48% | 7 |
| Serge, 2006 40 | Canada | 212 | Longitudinal | GI, lung and others | I‐IV | Spouse/other family member/friend | CES‐D 20 (≥16 out of 60) | 41/212 = 19.2% | 8 |
| Patricia, 2000 44 | USA | 51 | CS | Lung, colorectal, or other sites | III and IV | Spouse, adult child and other family member | IDPESQ | 27/51 = 52.9% | 5 |
| Mariah, 2006 60 | South Korea | 103 | CS | Gastric cancer | III and IV | Family member | CES‐D 20 (≥16 out of 60) | 56/103 = 55% | 6 |
| Price, 2010 41 | Australia | 373 | Longitudinal | Ovarian cancer | I‐IV | Spouse or other family member | CES‐D 20 (≥16 out of 60) | 22/373 = 5.9% | 8 |
| Victoria, 1998 35 | USA | 164 | CS | Any type | I‐IV | Adult daughter | CES‐D 20 (≥16 out of 60) | 49/164 = 30% | 8 |
| Jacquelyn, 2000 45 | USA | 117 | CS | Any type | IV | Family member | CES‐D 20 (≥16 out of 60) | 58/117 = 50% | 7 |
| Paula, 2005 46 | USA | 104 | CS | Brain tumor | I‐IV | Spouse, other family member | CES‐D 20 (≥16 out of 60) | 38/104 = 36.9% | 6 |
| Irma, 2007 33 | USA | 41 | CS | Brain and neck | I‐IV | Spouse, other family member | CES‐D 20 (≥16 out of 60) | 8/41 = 20% | 5 |
| Zümrüt, 2012 61 | Turkey | 60 | CS | Any type | I‐IV | Family member | HADS‐D (>8 out of 21) | 34/60 = 57% | 5 |
| Badger, 2007 42 | USA | 96 | Longitudinal | Breast cancer | I‐IV | Partner | CESD‐20 (>16 out of 60) | 71/96 = 74% | 8 |
| Heckel, 2015 10 | Australia | 150 | CS | Any type | IV | Spouse/partner | CESD‐20 (≥16 out of 60) | 54/150 = 36% | 9 |
| Kim, 2007 62 | USA | 98 | CS | Colorectal | I‐IV | Family or close friend | CES‐D 20 (≥16 out of 60) | 29/98 = 29.6% | 8 |
| Tang, 2013 43 | Taiwan | 193 | Longitudinal | Any type | IV | Family caregiver | CES‐D 20 (≥16 out of 60) | 106/193 = 55% | 8 |
| Yang, 2012 63 | China | 312 | CS | Any type | IV | Spousal/family caregiver | CES‐D 20 (≥16 out of 60) | 198/312 = 63.5% | 8 |
| Jaafar, 2014 49 | Malaysia | 130 | CS | Breast cancer | I‐IV | Any family member | DASS‐21 (NA) | 64/130 = 49.2% | 9 |
| Gotze, 2014 50 | Germany | 106 | CS | Any type | I‐IV | Family caregiver | HADS‐D (≥10) | 30/106 = 28% | 9 |
| Leroy, 2015 51 | France | 60 | CS | Any type | I‐IV | Family caregiver | HADS‐D (≥10) | 27/60 = 45% | 7 |
| Park, 2013 64 | South Korea | 897 | CS | Any type | I‐IV | Family caregiver | HADS‐D (≥8) | 737/897 = 82.2% | 9 |
| Yu, 2017 65 | China | 309 | CS | Leukemia | I‐IV | Family caregiver | HADS‐D (≥8) | 65/309 = 21% | 8 |
| Nielsen, 2017a 34 | Denmark | 2743 | CS | Any type | IV | Family caregiver | BDI‐II (21 item) (NA) | 473/2743 = 17.2% | 8 |
| Nielsen, 2017b 66 | Denmark | 1989 | CS | Any type | IV | Family caregiver | BDI‐II (21 item) (NA) | 312/1989 = 15.6% | 8 |
| Rhee, 2008 57 | South Korea | 310 | CS | Any type | I‐IV | Family caregiver | BDI (>13) | 207/310 = 67% | 7 |
| Trevino, 2018 36 | USA | 540 | CS | Any type | I‐IV | Family caregiver | HADS‐D (≥10) | 22/518 = 4.2% | 8 |
| Mhaidat, 2011 52 | Jordan | 302 | CS | Any type | I‐IV | Family caregiver | HADS‐D (≥8) | 247/302 = 82% | 7 |
| Catende, 2017 53 | Uganda | 119 | CS | Any type | I‐IV | Family caregiver | HDS‐D (≥11) | 31/119 = 26% | 8 |
| Sahadevan, 2019 54 | India | 384 | CS | Breast cancer | I‐IV | Family caregiver | HAM‐D (≥8) | 202/384 = 53% | 8 |
| Lutfi M, 2019 55 | Iraq | 250 | CS | Leukemia | I‐IV | Family caregiver | BDI‐II (≥17) | 180/250 = 72% | 7 |
Abbreviations: CS, Cross‐sectional, NA, Data not available.