Table 4.
Three-Dimensional-Printing Technology and Materials by Medical Device Type
| Medical device | Material | 3D-printing technology | Field of application | Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Implant | ||||
| Airway splint | PCL | SLS | Thoracic surgery | 22 |
| Jaw | Titanium | SLM | Maxillofacial surgery | 23 |
| N/A | Maxillofacial surgery | 24 | ||
| Titanium alloy | SLM | Maxillofacial surgery | 25a | |
| Shoulder | Titanium alloy | EBM | Orthopedic oncology | 26 |
| Humerus | Titanium | N/A | Orthopedic oncology | 18 |
| Elbow | Titanium alloy | EBM | Orthopedics | 27 |
| Radius | N/A | N/A | Orthopedic oncology | 18 |
| Rib cage | Titanium | EBM | Orthopedic oncology | 15 |
| Titanium/PoreStar | EBM | Orthopedic oncology | 21 | |
| Orthopedics | 20 | |||
| Spine | PEKK | SLS | Orthopedics | 28 |
| Titanium | EBM | Orthopedic oncology | 15 | |
| SLM | Orthopedics | 15 | ||
| N/A | Orthopedics | 29 | ||
| Titanium alloy | DMLS | Orthopedics | 30 | |
| EBM | Orthopedic oncology | 31–35 | ||
| Orthopedics | 36–40 | |||
| SLM | Orthopedic oncology | 41 | ||
| N/A | Orthopedic oncology | 16,42 | ||
| Sacrum | Titanium alloy | DMLS | Orthopedic oncology | 43 |
| EBM | Orthopedic oncology | 44–46 | ||
| SLM | Orthopedic oncology | 47 | ||
| Sacroiliac | Titanium alloy | EBM | Orthopedics | 38 |
| Pelvis/acetabulum | Tantalum | N/A | Orthopedic oncology | 48 |
| Titanium | EBM | Orthopedic oncology | 15 | |
| SLM | Orthopedics | 49 | ||
| N/A | Orthopedic oncology | 18 | ||
| Titanium alloy | EBM | Orthopedic oncology | 50,51 | |
| Orthopedics | 52 | |||
| SLM | Orthopedic oncology | 53 | ||
| N/A | Orthopedic oncology | 54 | ||
| Femoral head | Titanium alloy | EBM | Orthopedics | 55 |
| Knee | Titanium alloy | EBM | Orthopedic oncology | 56–58 |
| SLM | Orthopedic oncology | 58 | ||
| Titanium coating | N/A | Orthopedics | 59 | |
| Foot | Titanium | EBM | Orthopedic oncology | 15 |
| Ankle | Cr-Co-Mo | N/A | Orthopedics | 60 |
| Titanium | N/A | Orthopedics | 61,62 | |
| Titanium alloy | N/A | Orthopedics | 63 | |
| Guide | ||||
| Cutting | Dental SG | SLA | Orthopedics | 64 |
| HIPS | FDM | Orthopedics | 65 | |
| MED610 | MJ | Orthopedic oncology | 66 | |
| Maxillofacial surgery | 23 | |||
| PA | SLS | Orthopedic oncology | 53 | |
| Orthopedics | 67–69 | |||
| N/A | Maxillofacial surgery | 24 | ||
| Orthopedic oncology | 58 | |||
| Orthopedics | 60,70,71 | |||
| PETG | FDM | Orthopedic oncology | 72 | |
| PLA | FDM | Orthopedics | 73–75 | |
| Orthopedic oncology | 47 | |||
| Maxillofacial surgery | 76 | |||
| N/A | Orthopedic oncology | 51 | ||
| ULTEM 1010 | MJ | Maxillofacial surgery | 23 | |
| N/A | FDM | Orthopedic oncology | 15 | |
| Orthopedics | 77 | |||
| N/A | Orthopedic oncology | 54 | ||
| Orthopedics | 63 | |||
| Drill | ABS P430 | FDM | Orthopedics | 78 |
| Acrylate resin | FDM | Orthopedics | 79 | |
| Dental SG | SLA | Orthopedics | 80,81 | |
| Photosensitive resin | SLA | Orthopedics | 82–84 | |
| PA | SLS | Orthopedic oncology | 41 | |
| Orthopedics | 36,37,68 | |||
| N/A | Orthopedics | 85 | ||
| PETG | FDM | Orthopedic oncology | 72 | |
| PLA | FDM | Orthopedics | 86 | |
| Titanium | SLM | Orthopedics | 87 | |
| N/A | Maxillofacial surgery | 24 | ||
| N/A | N/A | Orthopedics | 88 | |
| Navigation | ABS | SLA | Anesthesiology | 89a |
| MED610 | MJ | Orthopedics | 90 | |
| PA | SLS | Oncology | 91 | |
| Somos XC11122 | DLP | Neurosurgery | 92 | |
| Photosensitive resin | N/A | Oncology | 93 | |
| PLA | FDM | Neurosurgery | 94,95 | |
| Oncology | 96 | |||
| Orthopedics | 97 | |||
| N/A | Orthopedics | 98 | ||
| PMMA | N/A | Oncology | 99 | |
| N/A | N/A | Neurosurgery | 100 | |
| Template | ||||
| Nose contour | MED610 | MJ | Plastic surgery | 101 |
| Auricle frame | PLA | FDM | Plastic surgery | 102 |
| Tooth replica | Titanium alloy | SLM | Dental surgery | 103 |
| Instrument | ||||
| Retractor | PA | SLS | Orthopedics | 37 |
| Photosensitive resin | N/A | Neurosurgery | 104 | |
| Endoscopic cap | Silicone | MJ | Gastroenterology | 105a |
| Enteral stent | TPU | FDM | Abdominal surgery | 106 |
| Radiotherapy bolus | ||||
| Face | NinjaFlex TPU | FDM | Oncology | 17 |
| PLA | FDM | Oncology | 17 | |
| Scalp | Agilus-60 | MJ | Oncology | 107 |
| Chest | PLA | FDM | Oncology | 108 |
| Various body parts | PLA/PHA | FDM | Oncology | 109 |
| Immobilization device | ||||
| Cast—wrist | ABS M30 | FDM | Immobilization | 110 |
| External fixator | Photosensitive resin | SLA | Immobilization | 111,112 |
| Orthosis | ||||
| Insole | EVA | N/A | Orthotics | 113,114 |
| Fingerboard | PLA | FDM | Orthosis | 115 |
| Wrist | Photosensitive resin | N/A | Orthosis | 116 |
| Hand, dynamic | PLA | FDM | Orthotics | 117 |
| N/A | N/A | Orthotics | 118 | |
| Prosthesis | ||||
| Finger | PLACTIVE | FDM | Prosthetics | 119 |
| Nasal | TangoPlus | MJ | Prosthetics | 120 |
| Palatal plate | Photosensitive resin | DLP | Orthodontics | 121 |
| Lenticule storage glide | N/A | MJ | Ophtalmology | 122 |
| Swab | ||||
| Nasal | PA | SLS | Infectology | 123 |
a
The current authors are unfamiliar with these combinations of materials and technologies.