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. 2022 Dec 19;31(4):287–295. doi: 10.7570/jomes22058

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Association between obesity and cognitive impairment. The risk of dementia or cognitive impairment is associated with obesity and age-related body composition changes. Insulin resistance, inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endothelial dysfunction are commonly related to these conditions. Moreover, the gut-microbiota-brain axis and muscle-myokine-brain axis are recently identified mediators.