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. 2023 Jan 3;30(1):1–18. doi: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2154409

Table 1.

The transporters/receptors and their ligands targeting blood-brain barrier and brain tumors.

  Target BBB Tumor Ligand
Transporter GLUT Glucose, Glucose analogues (2-deoxy-D-glucose), other hexoses (Mannose, Galactose, Glucosamine)
GSH transporter × GSH
LAT1 × Large neutral amino acids (L-tyrosine, L-phenylalanine, L-leucin, L-isoleucine)
MCT1 × Lactate, Pyruvate, Biotin, Sialic acid
Nucleoside transporter × Adenosine, Guanosine, Uridine
Choline transporter × Choline, Thiamin
Receptor TfR Tf, OX26, T7, TfR-lytic hybrid peptide
LR Lf
LDLR nLDL, Peptide-22
LRP Angiopep-2, MTf, ApoE, Peptide-22
Insulin Receptor 83-14 murine monoclonal antibody
Integrin αvβ3 RGD, c(RGDyK), cRGD
EGFR GE11, EGF, mAb225
TGN receptor × TGN peptide
CD44 × HA
IL-13 Receptor × IL-13
FR × Folate, Pteroic acid