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. 2023 Jan 4;12(1):2163785. doi: 10.1080/2162402X.2022.2163785

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© 2023 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 3. — Th1 immunity directed against S1-RBD is protective against COVID-19 in HM patients. a-b. Percentages of HM patients diagnosed with COVID-19 during the prospective study and severity of the disease, according to the WHO scale is depicted. Grade 1: asymptomatic, grade 2: symptomatic without hospitalization, grade 3: symptomatic with hospitalization but without oxygen mask, 4: symptomatic with hospitalization and with oxygen mask, 5: symptomatic with hospitalization in ICU, 6: death. c. Patients were stratified according to their ability to develop a S1-RBD-specific IgG, Th1 or Th2 response (defined respectively as anti-CoV-2 RBD IgG > 50 GRU, IFNγ ≥ 10 pg/mL or IL-5 ≥ 10 pg/mL), after 2 or 3 priming doses. Of note, no patient developed simultaneously S1-RBD specific IgG and Th2 responses. ANOVA Fisher exact method: *p < .05.