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. 2022 Sep 29;56(9):1318–1327. doi: 10.1111/apt.17239

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© 2022 The Authors. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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Effects of a 2‐week gluten‐free diet on fold changes (after/before gluten‐free intervention) in metabolites of faecal supernatants (LC–MS), shown as PCA scatterplots with centroids ( A and C) and OPLS‐DA scatterplots (B and D). The R ² Y value determines goodness of the fit and the Q ² value represents the predictive ability of the model; R ² Y ≥ 0.5 and Q ² ≥ 0.4 are considered satisfactory. Permutation tests for (B) and (D) showed no overfitting. IBS (n = 20), HC (n = 18), true responders (n = 6) and non‐responders (n = 14).