TABLE 2.

Severity of gastrointestinal symptoms in gluten‐free and gluten‐containing diet interventions

	Gluten‐free diet			Gluten‐containing diet
	Before	After	p within a	Before	After	p within a	p between a
IBS (n = 20)
IBS‐SSS total score	315 ± 63	262 ± 111	0.02 b	313 ± 87	281 ± 88	0.06	0.31
Abdominal pain intensity	59 ± 18	45 ± 29	0.02 b	62 ± 19	56 ± 19	0.11	0.07
Abdominal pain frequency	54 ± 26	50 ± 28	0.42	60 ± 33	52 ± 27	0.14	0.78
Abdominal bloating	62 ± 32	52 ± 34	0.16	60 ± 24	54 ± 36	0.45	0.68
Bowel habit dissatisfaction	66 ± 21	57 ± 26	0.22	62 ± 28	55 ± 26	0.40	0.78
Daily life interference	73 ± 18	63 ± 27	0.04	70 ± 20	64 ± 22	0.07	0.85
HC (n = 21)
IBS‐SSS total score	12 ± 15	9 ± 12	0.10	9 ± 12	9 ± 11	0.47	0.81
Abdominal pain intensity	2 ± 5	0 ± 1	0.18	0 ± 0	1 ± 3	0.32	0.47
Abdominal pain frequency	1 ± 5	1 ± 5	0.32	0 ± 0	1 ± 5	0.32	1.00
Abdominal bloating	2 ± 6	1 ± 3	0.07	2 ± 6	1 ± 3	0.59	0.54
Bowel habit dissatisfaction	5 ± 7	6 ± 9	0.66	5 ± 6	6 ± 7	0.52	0.66
Daily life interference	1 ± 1	0 ± 1	0.06	1 ± 3	1 ± 1	0.31	0.62

Note: Data are shown as mean ± SD or frequencies (%), assessed with linear mixed models. p values are main effect for intervention.

Abbreviation: IBS‐SSS, irritable bowel syndrome severity scoring system.

^a Comparisons were made intention to treat (IBS, n = 20; HC n = 21).

^b q < 0.05 (false discovery rate correction).