Table 2.
Application of nanomaterials in periodontal diseases.
| Denture Type | Applications | Core nanoparticles/ nanomaterial |
Key features | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Removable denture | Mechanical strength | ZrO2 NPs | Effectively increasing the mechanical properties of PMMA. | [104–109] |
| TiO2 NPs | [110] | |||
| SiO2 NPs | [111] | |||
| ZnNPs | [112] | |||
| diamond NPs | [113] | |||
| SiC NPs | Improving the thermal conductivity of PMMA. | [114] | ||
| Antibacterial | AgNPs | Antibacterial effect by coating or filling | [115,116] | |
| Chitosan | Unique antibacterial ability against Candida. | [117] | ||
| nGO | Increasing PMMA hydrophilicity to obtain antibacterial ability. | [118,119] | ||
| TiO2 NPs | Dual antibacterial power. | [120] | ||
| SiO2 NPs | ||||
| Implant restoration | Antibacterial | ZnNPs | Long-lasting antibacterial effect. | [121,122] |
| CeO NPs | Stronger anti-inflammatory effects. | [123] | ||
| Osseointegration | Nanopattern | Promotes osseointegration. | [124] | |
| nGO | Increasing the hydrophilic properties of the implant surface. | [125,126] | ||
| SiNPs | Enhancing roughness and hydrophilic properties of the implant surface. | [127] | ||
| NHA | Promoting osseointegration. | [128] | ||
| nBG | Promoting osseointegration. | [129] | ||
| CaNPs | Promoting osseointegration. | [130] | ||
| Fixed denture | Fe3O4+ BiVO4 | Antibacterial through dual mechanism of light and magnetism. | [23] | |
| Nano-ceramic resin | High bending strength, low abrasiveness, and easy polishability. | [131–133] | ||
| ZnNPs | Increasing the antibacterial, mechanical and acid resistance of polycarboxylic acid binder. | [134] | ||
| NACP | The bonding agent promotes the remineralization of dental tissue. | [135] |