A photomicrograph of a kidney section, 9a: A section of a rat treated with BPA and NAC revealed a positive PAS reaction in the Bowman’s capsule parietal layer and most of the renal tubules basement membrane (arrows). However, there were areas of loss of basement membrane of renal tubules (L) and interrupted brush border of some PCT (*). 9b: A section of rat treated with BPA and vitamin E revealed a positive PAS reaction in the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule, most of the renal tubules basement membrane and brush border of most PCT (arrows). However, there was an interrupted brush border of some PCT (*). 9c, 9d: Sections of rats treated with BPA, NAC and vitamin E revealed strong positive PAS reactions in the renal tubules basement membrane, the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule (arrows) and brush border of PCT (*). However, local areas of tubular basement membrane loss were seen (L) (PAS x 400).