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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jan 9.
Published in final edited form as: Sleep Health. 2021 Mar 6;7(5):631–637. doi: 10.1016/j.sleh.2021.01.008

Table 2.

Baseline composite cognitive z-score associated with 20-year subsequent impaired sleep outcomes

Sleep outcome Odds ratio (95% CI) per 1 SD cognitive z-score decrement P
Efficiency (percentage)
 Model 1 1.57 (1.06, 2.33) .03
 Model 2 1.85 (1.13, 3.04) .02
Fragmentation (percentage)
 Model 1 1.20 (0.82, 1.74) .35
 Model 2 1.28 (0.80, 2.07) .31
Wake after sleep onset (min)
 Model 1 1.37 (0.96, 1.97) .09
 Model 2 1.65 (1.05, 2.60) .03
Respiratory event index
 Model 1 0.69 (0.47, 1.03) .07
 Model 2 0.66 (0.40, 1.10) .11
Sleep time (min)
 Model 1 0.95 (0.63, 1.42) .79
 Model 2 1.00 (0.60, 1.67) .99

Model 1: Age-adjusted.

Model 2: Adjusted for baseline age, sex, education, APOE ε4 status, BMI, diabetes status, antihypertensive medication use, smoking status, and alcohol use.