Table 2.
30-day quality of life (HRQoL) post PCI according to sex
| Variable | Total, n (%) | Women, n (%) | Men, n (%) | Crude | Adjustedb | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI)a | P value* | OR (95% CI) | P value* | ||||
| HRQoL mobility | |||||||
| No problem | 731 (84.4) | 216 (77.7) | 515 (87.6) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
| Some problem | 128 (14.8) | 60 (21.6) | 68 (11.6) | 2.025 (1.393–2.943) | < .001 | 1.818 (1.218–2.713) | 0.003 |
| Unable to walk around | 7 (0.8) | 2 (0.7) | 5 (0.9) | ||||
| HRQoL personal care | |||||||
| No problem | 778 (89.9) | 238 (85.6) | 540 (91.8) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
| Some problem | 76 (8.8) | 35 (12.6) | 41 (7.0) | 1.891 (1.210–2.955) | 0.005 | 1.590 (0.987–2.563) | 0.057 |
| Unable to wash/dress self | 12 (1.4) | 5 (1.8) | 7 (1.2) | ||||
| HRQoL usual activity | |||||||
| No problem | 179 (20.7) | 48 (17.3) | 131 (22.3) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
| Some problem | 667 (77.0) | 221 (79.5) | 446 (75.9) | 1.374 (0.952–1.982) | 0.09 | 1.193 (0.807–1.764) | 0.377 |
| Unable to perform usual activities | 20 (2.3) | 9 (3.2) | 11 (1.9) | ||||
| HRQoL pain/discomfort | |||||||
| No pain/discomfort | 128 (14.8) | 31 (11.2) | 97 (16.5) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
| Mod pain/discomfort | 696 (80.4) | 227 (81.7) | 469 (79.8) | 1.574 (1.022–2.425) | 0.04 | 1.360 (0.860–2.153) | 0.189 |
| Extreme pain/discomfort | 42 (4.8) | 20 (7.2) | 22 (3.7) | ||||
| HRQoL anxiety/depression | |||||||
| No anxiety/depression | 729 (84.2) | 228 (82.0) | 501 (85.2) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
| Mod anxiety/depression | 132 (15.2) | 50 (18.0) | 82 (13.9) | 1.263 (0.862–1.849) | 0.23 | 1.180 (0.786–1.772) | 0.424 |
| Extreme anxiety/depression | 5 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (0.9) | ||||
| HRQoL EQ-5D Index Score, geometric means (95% CI) | |||||||
| Crude | 0.780 (0.770–0.790) | 0.755 (0.738–0.773) | 0.792 (0.779–0.805) | 0.001 | |||
| Adjustedb | NA | 0.763 (0.744–0.781) | 0.788 (0.775–0.801) | 0.031 | |||
| HRQoL own health state today (VAS), means (95% CI) | |||||||
| Crude | 69.69 (68.08–69.31) | 68.26 (67.24–69.27) | 69.77 (69.07–70.47) | 0.016 | |||
| Adjustedb | NA | 68.64 (67.60–69.67) | 69.59 (68.89–70.28) | 0.144 | |||
| Effect size | Cohen’s d: 0.175 | ε2: 0.001 | |||||
I confidence interval, OR odds ratio, NA not applicable, VAS visual analogue scale
*P for difference in point estimates between women and men based on multiple regression analysis
aThe main exposure was sex in which men were taken as the referent group; the outcome was each dimension of HRQoL, with a problem being defined as the combination of “some” and “extreme” category
bAdjusted for age, low-income, lower education, STEMI, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, previous CABG, previous PCI, left main disease