Table 3.
12 months quality of life (HRQoL) post PCI according to sex
| Variable | Total, n (%) | Women, n (%) | Men, n (%) | Crude | Adjustedb | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI)a | P value* | OR (95% CI) | P value* | ||||
| HRQoL mobility | |||||||
| No problem | 731 (84.4) | 232 (83.5) | 499 (84.9) | 1.112 (0.754–1.639) | 0.593 | 0.95 (0.63–1.44) | 0.820 |
| Some problem | 132 (15.2) | 45 (16.2) | 87 (14.8) | ||||
| Unable to walk around | 3 (0.3) | 1 (0.4) | 2 (0.3) | ||||
| HRQoL personal care | |||||||
| No problem | 840 (97.0) | 266 (95.7) | 574 (97.6) | 1.850 (0.844–4.054) | 0.124 | 1.48 (0.63–3.47) | 0.374 |
| Some problem | 23 (2.7) | 11 (4.0) | 12 (2.0) | ||||
| Unable to wash/dress self | 3 (0.3) | 1 (0.4) | 2 (0.3) | ||||
| HRQoL usual activity | |||||||
| No problem | 705 (81.4) | 217 (78.1) | 488 (83.0) | 1.372 (0.961–1.959) | 0.082 | 1.48 (1.01–2.16) | 0.046 |
| Some problem | 157 (18.1) | 60 (21.6) | 97 (16.5) | ||||
| Unable to perform usual activities | 4 (0.5) | 1 (0.4) | 3 (0.5) | ||||
| HRQoL pain/discomfort | |||||||
| No pain/discomfort | 570 (65.8) | 172 (61.9) | 398 (67.7) | 1.219 (0.959–1.738) | 0.092 | 1.30 (0.94–1.78) | 0.109 |
| Mod pain/discomfort | 282 (32.6) | 100 (36.0) | 182 (31.0) | ||||
| Extreme pain/discomfort | 14 (1.6) | 6 (2.2) | 8 (1.4) | ||||
| HRQoL anxiety/depression | |||||||
| No anxiety/depression | 833 (96.2) | 266 (95.7) | 567 (96.4) | 1.218 (0.590–2.513) | 0.593 | 1.29 (0.60–2.78) | 0.513 |
| Mod anxiety/depression | 33 (3.8) | 12 (4.3) | 21 (3.6) | ||||
| Extreme anxiety/depression | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||||
| HRQoL EQ-5D Index Score, geometric means (95% CI) | |||||||
| Crude | 0.866 (0.857–0.874) | 0.856 (0.841–0.871) | 0.870 (0.860–0.881) | 0.12 | |||
| Adjustedb | NA | 0.859 (0.844–0.874) | 0.869 (0.859–0.879) | 0.316 | |||
| HRQoL own health state today (VAS), means (95% CI) | |||||||
| Crude | 72.49 (71.66–73.33) | 70.77 (69.30–72.23) | 73.31 (72.30–74.32) | 0.005 | |||
| Adjustedb | NA | 71.34 (69.83–72.85) | 73.04 (72.02–74.06) | 0.074 | |||
| Effect size | Cohen’s d: 0.204 | ε2: 0.003 | |||||
OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, VAS visual analogue scale
*P for difference in point estimates between women and men based on multiple regression analysis
aThe main exposure was sex in which men were taken as the referent group; the outcome was each dimension of HRQoL, with a problem being defined as the combination of “some” and “extreme” category
bAdjusted for age, low-income, lower education, STEMI, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, previous CABG, previous PCI, left main disease