Table 1.
Sociodemographic Characteristics Overall and by AIRQ Control Group at Entry
| Parameter | All Enrolled (N = 1112) | Well-Controlled (AIRQ 0–1) (n = 389; 35.0%) | Not Well-Controlled (AIRQ 2–4) (n = 423; 38.0%) | Very Poorly Controlled (AIRQ 5–10) (n = 300; 27.0%) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at enrollment, years, mean (SD) | 43.9 (19.5) | 42.0 (21.0) | 43.6 (19.7) | 47.0 (16.5) | 0.003 |
| Female sex, n (%) | 779 (70.1) | 248 (63.8) | 280 (66.2) | 251 (83.7) | < 0.001 |
| Race, n (%) | 0.002 | ||||
| Black or African American | 145 (13.0) | 43 (11.1) | 42 (9.9) | 60 (20.0) | |
| Othera | 89 (8.0) | 29 (7.5) | 34 (8.0) | 26 (8.7) | |
| White | 865 (77.8) | 310 (79.7) | 343 (81.1) | 212 (70.7) | |
| Missing | 13 (1.2) | 7 (1.8) | 4 (0.9) | 2 (0.7) | |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | 0.764 | ||||
| Hispanic or Latino | 73 (6.6) | 25 (6.4) | 28 (6.6) | 20 (6.7) | |
| Missing | 18 (1.6) | 9 (2.3) | 5 (1.2) | 4 (1.3) | |
| Highest level of education, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| Less than high school | 146 (13.1) | 66 (17.0) | 59 (13.9) | 21 (7.0) | |
| Secondary/high school | 265 (23.8) | 93 (23.9) | 84 (19.9) | 88 (29.3) | |
| Associate degree, technical or trade school | 232 (20.9) | 58 (14.9) | 92 (21.7) | 82 (27.3) | |
| College/University degree | 278 (25.0) | 87 (22.4) | 122 (28.8) | 69 (23.0) | |
| Postgraduate degree | 178 (16.0) | 78 (20.1) | 62 (14.7) | 38 (12.7) | |
| Missing | 13 (1.2) | 7 (1.8) | 4 (0.9) | 2 (0.7) | |
| Baseline ACT, mean (SD) | 18.6 (4.6) | 22.4 (2.3) | 18.8 (3.1) | 13.3 (3.4) | < 0.001 |
| (n = 1106) | (n = 387) | (n = 421) | (n = 298) | ||
| Clinician-reported clinical characteristics | |||||
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 30.6 (8.7) | 28.8 (7.8) | 30.3 (8.3) | 33.4 (9.5) | < 0.001 |
| FEV1prebronchodilator % predicted, mean (SD) | 88.6 (17.0) | 91.4 (15.9) | 88.6 (17.1) | 85.1 (17.7) | 0.002 |
| Patients with ≥ 1 exacerbation in the prior 12 months, n (%) | 457 (41.1) | 60 (15.4) | 186 (44.0) | 211 (70.3) | < 0.001 |
| Number of exacerbations in the prior 12 months, mean (SD) | 1.7 (0.8) | 1.4 (0.6) | 1.7 (0.7) | 1.8 (0.8) | 0.001 |
Note: a“Other” includes Asian, American Indian or Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, and Other.
Abbreviations: ACT, Asthma Control Test; AIRQ, Asthma Impairment and Risk Questionnaire; BMI, body mass index; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; SD, standard deviation.