Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Study Participants
| Total (N = 129) | TnI Elevation and/or Myocarditis (n = 19) | No TnI Elevation or Myocarditis (n = 110) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 65.6 ± 11.2 | 66.4 ± 15.5 | 65.5 ± 10.3 | 0.74 |
| Male | 98 (76.0) | 16 (84.2) | 82 (74.5) | 0.56 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 20.3 (17.8-23.4) | 21.2 (17.8-23.7) | 20.2 (17.9-23.1) | 0.48 |
| Cardiovascular risk factor and disease | ||||
| Hypertension | 41 (31.8) | 6 (31.6) | 35 (31.8) | >0.99 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 14 (10.9) | 0 (0.0) | 14 (12.7) | 0.22 |
| Dyslipidemia | 16 (12.4) | 1 (5.3) | 15 (13.6) | 0.46 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 40 (31.0) | 8 (42.1) | 32 (29.1) | 0.29 |
| Current or prior smoking | 79 (61.2) | 13 (68.4) | 66 (60.0) | 0.61 |
| Baseline cardiac findings | ||||
| BNP, pg/mL | 20.1 (10.1-34.5) | 24.7 (10.7-38.6) | 19.9 (9.9-34.3) | 0.72 |
| TnI, pg/mL | 3.2 (1.9-6.0) | 10.1 (3.0-14.8) | 3.1 (1.9-5.3) | 0.004 |
| LVEF, % | 65.0 (62.4-67.7) | 64.9 (61.9-66.5) | 65.1 (62.5-67.8) | 0.47 |
| LVEF <40% | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | >0.99 |
| GLS, % | 17.7 (16.2-19.2) | 17.3 (16.8-18.4) | 17.7 (16.2-19.4) | 0.74 |
| Pre-ICI home cardiac medications | ||||
| Renin-angiotensin system inhibitor | 21 (16.3) | 1 (5.3) | 20 (18.2) | 0.31 |
| Beta-blocker | 9 (7.0) | 2 (10.5) | 7 (6.4) | 0.62 |
| Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist | 3 (2.3) | 1 (5.3) | 2 (1.8) | 0.38 |
| Loop diuretic | 4 (3.1) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (3.6) | >0.99 |
| Primary cancer type | ||||
| Head and neck cancer | 85 (65.9) | 9 (47.4) | 76 (69.1) | |
| Lung cancer | 23 (17.8) | 8 (42.1) | 15 (13.6) | |
| Gastrointestinal cancer | 8 (6.2) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (7.3) | |
| Renal cell carcinoma/urothelial cancer | 6 (4.7) | 1 (5.3) | 5 (4.5) | |
| Melanoma | 3 (2.3) | 1 (5.3) | 2 (1.8) | |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | 3 (2.3) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (2.7) | |
| Breast cancer | 1 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.9) | |
| Prior chemotherapy or radiation | ||||
| Anthracyclines | 4 (3.1) | 2 (10.5) | 2 (1.8) | 0.10 |
| Radiation | 85 (65.9) | 11 (57.9) | 74 (67.3) | 0.44 |
| Thoracic irradiation | 21 (16.3) | 4 (21.1) | 17 (15.5) | 0.51 |
| Anti-VEGFR TKIs | 7 (5.4) | 2 (10.5) | 5 (4.5) | 0.27 |
| ICIs type | ||||
| Nivolumab (anti-PD-1) monotherapy | 58 (45.0) | 4 (21.1) | 54 (49.1) | |
| Pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1) monotherapy | 53 (41.1) | 8 (42.1) | 43 (39.1) | |
| Atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1) monotherapy | 13 (10.1) | 5 (26.3) | 8 (7.3) | |
| Durvalumab (anti-PD-L1) monotherapy | 3 (2.3) | 1 (5.3) | 2 (1.8) | |
| Combination therapy (nivolumab + ipilimumab) | 2 (1.6) | 1 (5.3) | 1 (0.9) | |
Values are mean ± SD, n (%), or median (IQR).
CTL4 = cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated protein 4; BNP = B-type natriuretic peptide; GLS = global longitudinal strain; ICI = immune checkpoint inhibitor; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; PD-1 = programmed cell death protein-1; PD-L1 = programmed death-ligand 1; TKI = tyrosine kinase inhibitor; TNI = troponin I; VEGFR = vascular endothelial growth factor receptor.