Table 1.

Phenotypic cognitive, behavioral, language, and reading characteristics in the primary analysis group (NT and ASD), as well as for the RD groups. All p-values in this table are from one-tailed t-tests (ASD < NT, RD < NT, and RD < ASD for age and all assessments, except for ADOS where ASD > NT and ASD > RD).

		NT		ASD		ASD vs NT	RD		RD vs NT	RD vs ASD
		n = 28 (8F)		n = 23 (5F)			n = 16 (7F)
		Mean	SD	Mean	SD	p-value	Mean	SD	p-value	p-value
Demographics	Age	11.9	3.2	12.2	3.4	0.389	11.5	3.1	0.345	0.266
IQ	KBIT	112.8	14.2	110.6	16.2	0.302	104.3	12.3	0.022	0.088
Language	CELF (CLS)	116.2	9.8	103.2	19.2	0.004	97.3	17.9	0.001	0.166
NWR	In-scanner NWR	87.7	8.8	75.0	22.7	<0.001	73.8	21.2	0.000	0.262
	CTOPP (NWR)	10.0	2.7	7.7	2.1	0.001	8.4	2.7	0.035	0.199
	CNRep (Raw)	34.7	3.2	30.1	6.4	0.002	30	6.2	0.005	0.475
Reading	TOWRE (SWE)	108.3	9.9	97.5	10.5	0.001	83.1	7.2	0.000	<0.001
	TOWRE (PDE)	110.3	13.3	101.7	12.4	0.012	83.7	5.0	0.000	<0.001
	WRMT (WI)	113.0	9.8	102.7	15.0	0.004	88.1	9.7	0.000	0.001
	WRMT (WA)	108.7	12.0	101.9	14.1	0.038	91.1	6.9	0.000	0.002
	WJ	114.3	11.6	104.6	17.2	0.015	83.7	8.7	0.000	<0.001
Autism	ADOS CSS	1.19	1.28	10.18	4.48	<0.001	2.08	2.64	0.05	<0.001

Note. NT = neurotypical; ASD = autism spectrum disorder; F = female; RD = reading disability; CELF (CLS) = Core Language Score (Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals, Fourth edition); NWR = nonword repetition; CNRep = Children's Test of Nonword Repetition; CTOPP = Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing 2; KBIT = Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (Matrix subtest); WRMT = Woodcock Reading Mastery Tests; WI = Word Identification; WA = Word Attack; TOWRE = Test of Word Reading Efficiency; SWE = Sight Word Efficiency; PDE = Phonemic Decoding Efficiency. WJ = Woodcock-Johnson III Tests of Achievement (Sentence Reading Fluency subtest); ADOS = Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule; CSS = Calibrated Severity Score (averaged across ADOS Modules 3 and 4).