Table 3.
The association between the lifestyle and dietary insulinemic indices and incidence of chronic kidney disease: the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study
| Lifestyle and dietary insulinemic indices | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | |
| EDIH | |||||
| Median score | 0.009 | 0.096 | 0.170 | 0.272 | 0.516 |
| Follow up period | 7.66 ± 2.84 | 7.87 ± 2.68 | 7.67 ± 2.75 | 7.82 ± 2.66 | 7.77 ± 2.67 |
| person-years | 9263.2 | 9500.2 | 9274.0 | 9456.8 | 9395.4 |
| Case/Total | 304/1209 | 247/1207 | 243/1209 | 221/1208 | 200/1208 |
| Incidence rate (10.000 person year) | 328 | 259 | 262 | 233 | 212 |
| Model 1a | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.87 (0.73–1.03) | 1.02 (0.86–1.20) | 1.09 (0.91–1.29) | 1.06 (0.87–1.25) |
| Model 2b | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.87 (0.73–1.05) | 1.03 (0.86–1.23) | 1.11 (0.92–1.33) | 1.08 (0.89–1.31) |
| EDIR | |||||
| Median score | 0.312 | 0.517 | 0.695 | 0.918 | 1.386 |
| Follow up period | 7.81 ± 2.86 | 7.76 ± 2.71 | 7.70 ± 2.73 | 7.85 ± 2.62 | 7.66 ± 2.69 |
| person-years | 9441.5 | 9393.1 | 9311.5 | 9490.4 | 9256.6 |
| Case/Total | 242/1208 | 218/1208 | 238/1209 | 251/1209 | 266/1208 |
| Incidence rate (10.000 person year) | 261 | 229 | 255 | 267 | 281 |
| Model 1a | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.03 (0.86–1.22) | 1.08 (0.91–1.29) | 1.05 (0.87–1.25) | 1.28 (1.07–1.52) |
| Model 2b | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.01 (0.84–1.21) | 1.14 (0.95–1.38) | 1.02 (0.84–1.29) | 1.29 (1.06–1.57) |
| ELIH | |||||
| Median score | 0.98 | 1.17 | 1.31 | 1.45 | 1.69 |
| Follow up period | 7.79 ± 3.04 | 7.87 ± 2.64 | 7.77 ± 2.81 | 7.63 ± 2.76 | 7.47 ± 2.79 |
| person-years | 9552.1 | 9335.2 | 9237.9 | 9051.7 | 8877.0 |
| Case/Total | 145/1187 | 225/1186 | 248/1188 | 278/1186 | 303/1187 |
| Incidence rate (10.000 person year) | 151 | 241 | 268 | 307 | 341 |
| Model 1a | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.13 (0.92–1.39) | 1.23 (1.00–1.51) | 1.18 (0.97–1.44) | 1.34 (1.09–1.64) |
| Model 2c | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.14 (0.91–1.41) | 1.25 (1.01–1.55) | 1.20 (0.97–1.48) | 1.35 (1.10–1.67) |
| ELIR | |||||
| Median score | 2.37 | 3.20 | 4.14 | 5.38 | 8.06 |
| Follow up period | 7.83 ± 3.01 | 7.85 ± 2.81 | 7.76 ± 2.85 | 7.73 ± 2.68 | 7.67 ± 2.65 |
| person-years | 9323.1 | 9212.6 | 9187.3 | 9100.0 | 9226.0 |
| Case/Total | 219/1187 | 242/1186 | 226/1188 | 234/1186 | 277/1187 |
| Incidence rate (10.000 person year) | 237 | 262 | 245 | 257 | 297 |
| Model 1a | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.06 (0.89–1.26) | 1.18 (0.98–1.40) | 1.13 (0.95–1.35) | 1.24 (1.04–1.48) |
| Model 2c | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.07 (0.90–1.29) | 1.17 (0.97–1.41) | 1.20 (1.00–1.45) | 1.24 (1.02–1.51) |
Abbreviations: EDIH Empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia, ELIH Empirical lifestyle index for hyperinsulinemia, EDIR Empirical dietary index for insulin resistance, ELIR Empirical lifestyle index for insulin resistance
a Model 1: adjusted for age and sex
b Model 2: additionally adjusted for model 2 and body mass index, smoking, physical activity, education level, baseline eGFR, energy intake, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes
c Model 2: additionally adjusted for model 2 and energy intake, smoking, education level, baseline eGFR, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes