Table 2.
Carcass characteristics of dairy-type steers in the United States from the past 6 years.
| Reference | Breed 1 | Finishing Diet 2 | Treatment | DOF 3 | HCW 3 | DP 3 | BFT 3 | LMA 3 | KPH 3 | MS 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Torrentera et al. (2017) | HO | SFC:hay (11.5) | Non-implanted | 224 | 342 | 62.41 | 1.23 | 73.7 | 2.35 | 547 |
| NEg = 1.53–1.70 | Implanted at 267 kg | 375 | 62.03 | 1.09 | 81.2 | 2.17 | 517 | |||
| Implanted at 291 kg | 376 | 62.61 | 1.09 | 80.6 | 1.93 | 581 | ||||
| Implanted at 321 kg | 366 | 62.15 | 1.19 | 80.7 | 2.10 | 503 | ||||
| Carvalho et al. (2020) | HO | CC:CS (17.0) | Non-implanted | 186 | 305 | 58.72 | 0.61 | 68.3 | 2.86 | 467 |
| NEg = 1.41 | Implanted | 338 | 58.84 | 0.55 | 72.4 | 2.56 | 461 | |||
| Quinn et al. (2020) | HO | SFC:corn stalk/hay (6.2) | CS1H | 385 | ||||||
| NEg = 1.55 | DS1CH | 387 | ||||||||
| DXSCH | 381 | |||||||||
| Lockard et al. (2020) | HO | SFC:hay (12.9) | No Rac | 157 + 28 to 42 | 383 | 60.2 | 0.88 | 78.0 | 484 | |
| NEg = 1.43 | 300 mg Rac | 386 | 60.3 | 0.86 | 79.3 | 471 | ||||
| 400 mg Rac | 387 | 60.4 | 0.84 | 80.7 | 466 | |||||
| 28 day supplementation | 28 | 385 | 60.3 | 0.85 | 80.0 | 470 | ||||
| 35 day supplementation | 35 | 386 | 60.3 | 0.87 | 78.7 | 483 | ||||
| 42 day supplementation | 42 | 384 | 60.3 | 0.86 | 79.4 | 468 | ||||
| Hergenreder et al. (2021) | HO | SFC:wheat straw/hay (12.3) | No Rac | 310 + 28 | 360 | 61.4 | 0.66 | 74.1 | 430 | |
| NEg = 1.53 | 400 mg Rac | 368 | 62.1 | 0.61 | 78.2 | 425 | ||||
| Walter et al. (2016) | HO | SFC:wheat hay (8.5) | No Zil | 225 + 20 | Average between treatments | |||||
| May et al. (2016) | NEg = 1.49 | 8.3 mg Zil | 296 | 0.36 | 64.6 | 2.7 | 310 | |||
| 253 + 20 | ||||||||||
| 318 | 0.57 | 64.1 | 3.4 | 327 | ||||||
| 281 + 20 | ||||||||||
| 332 | 0.52 | 67.7 | 3.0 | 371 | ||||||
| 309 + 20 | ||||||||||
| 333 | 0.70 | 76.5 | 3.4 | 406 | ||||||
| 337 + 20 | ||||||||||
| 365 | 0.78 | 87.4 | 3.9 | 401 | ||||||
| 365 + 20 | ||||||||||
| 380 | 0.89 | 81.4 | 4.1 | 410 | ||||||
| 393 + 20 | ||||||||||
| 415 | 0.82 | 82.3 | 4.1 | 459 | ||||||
| 421 + 20 | ||||||||||
| 480 | 1.09 | 80.6 | 4.8 | 420 | ||||||
| 449 + 20 | ||||||||||
| 506 | 1.32 | 89.7 | 4.8 | 452 | ||||||
| 477 + 20 | ||||||||||
| 531 | 1.55 | 88.9 | 4.4 | 527 | ||||||
| 505 + 20 | ||||||||||
| 508 | 1.17 | 82.8 | 5.3 | 489 | ||||||
| Jaborek et al. (2019a) | JE × JE | WSC:CS or SH (20.0) | JE × JE | 346 | 304 | 61.2 | 0.86 | 70.3 | 7.89 | 586 |
| AN × JE | NEg = 1.47–1.49 | AN × JE | 304 | 334 | 64.2 | 1.37 | 73.6 | 5.28 | 745 | |
| SA × JE | SA × JE | 314 | 332 | 63.9 | 1.04 | 73.6 | 6.48 | 651 | ||
| RW × JE | RW × JE | 331 | 317 | 63.2 | 0.97 | 76.4 | 6.43 | 687 | ||
1 HO, Holstein, JE, Jersey, AN, Angus, SA SimAngus, RW, Red Wagyu.
2 SFC, steam-flaked corn, CC, cracked corn, WSC, whole-shelled corn, CS, corn silage, SH, soyhulls, NEg, net energy for gain. Ratio of grain to forage, with the percentage of forage in the finishing diet shown in parentheses.
3 DOF, days on feed, d; HCW, hot carcass weight, kg; DP, dressing percentage, %; BFT, backfat thickness, cm; LMA, longissimus muscle area, cm2; KPH, kidney, pelvic, heart fat, %; MS, USDA marbling score (400, small, 500, modest, …).