Table 1.

Studies included in final analysis

Article	Study design	Country	Data source	Deprivation metric	Procedure	Sample size, n	Gender, women	MINORS scorea
Clement et al. [11]	Prospective	United Kingdom	Hospital-specific	Carstairs Score	THA	1312	N/A	14
Clement et al. [10]	Prospective	United Kingdom	Hospital-specific	Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation	TKA	996	56.40%	14
Diaz et al. [14]	Retrospective	United States	Medicare provider analysis and review and CDC Social Vulnerability Index dataset	CDC/ATSDR Social Vulnerability Index	Both	70,840	61.60%	12
Dixon et al. [15]	Retrospective	United Kingdom	Hospital Episode Statistics of England	Townsend Index of Deprivation	Both	N/A		12
Dixon et al. [16]	Retrospective	United Kingdom	Hospital Episode Statistics of England	English Index of Multiple Deprivation	Both	83,871	N/A	12
Edwards et al. [19]	Retrospective	United Kingdom	National Joint Registry for England, Wales, Northern Ireland, and the Isle of Man; National Health Service England Patient Reported Outcome Measures; and Hospital Episode Statistics of England	English Index of Multiple Deprivation	TKA	66,769	56.50%	14
Harcombe et al. [24]	Retrospective	New Zealand	New Zealand Ministry of Health’s National Minimum Dataset	New Zealand Deprivation Index	TKA	62,907	54.17%	12
Hartnett et al. [25]	Retrospective	United States	New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS) database	Social Deprivation Index	THA	142,681	58.60%	12
Holbert el al. [27]	Retrospective	United States	Administrative database of 16 surgeons	CDC/ATSDR Social Vulnerability Index	Both	11,451	57.60%	12
Jenkins et al. [29]	Retrospective	United Kingdom	Regional arthroplasty database	Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation	THA	1620	36.7%	12
Judge et al. [31]	Retrospective	United Kingdom	Hospital Episode Statistics of England	English Index of Multiple Deprivation	Both	N/A		12
Judge et al. [32]	Cross-sectional	United Kingdom	Hospital Episode Statistics of England	English Index of Multiple Deprivation	Both	N/A		14
Khlopas et al. [36]	Retrospective	United States	Hospital-specific	Area Deprivation Index	TKA	3928	60.50%	14
Mehta et al. [44]	Retrospective	United States	Pennsylvania Health Care Cost Containment Council	Area Deprivation Index	THA	84,931	55%	12
Michel et al. [46]	Cross-sectional	France	French hospital national database	French Version of the European Deprivation Index	TKA	77,597	62.80%	12
Murray et al. [49]	Retrospective	United Kingdom	Hospital-specific (multicenter)	Townsend Index of Deprivation	TKA	2506	N/A	14
Neuburger et al. [50]	Retrospective	United Kingdom	Patient-reported outcome measures program of England	English Index of Multiple Deprivation	Both	121,983	57.90%	12
Rahman et al. [53]	Cross-sectional	United States	Maryland Health Services Cost Review Commission datasets	Area Deprivation Index	THA	21,475	N/A	12
Shaw et al. [56]	Retrospective	United States	Michigan Arthroplasty Registry Collaborative Quality Initiative (MARCQ)	Area Deprivation Index	TKA	2655	N/A	12

^aMINORS scores range from 0 to 24 for comparative studies and 0 to 16 for noncomparative studies, with higher scores corresponding to lower bias.