Table 4.

Studies evaluating social deprivation and perioperative outcomes after TJA

Study	Key findings	Factors controlled for
Clement et al. [11]	Patients with the most severe levels of social deprivation who underwent TJA had increased odds of dislocation and 90-day mortality	Age, gender, CCI, BMI
Khlopas et al. [36]	Higher area deprivation (as measured by the Area Deprivation Index) was associated with increased risk of all-cause readmissions, prolonged LOS, and nonhome discharge after TKA	Age, gender, race, BMI, smoking, CCI
Holbert et al. [27]	Patients within Maryland Health Enterprise Zones (underserved areas) had an increased risk of nonhome discharge as well as a higher incidence of 90-day ED visits after TJA	Age, gender, anesthesia type
Shaw et al. [56]	No association with Area Deprivation Index and 90-day postoperative ED visits after TKA	Age, gender, BMI, ASA class, comorbidities (diabetes, depression), preoperative ED visit
Edwards et al. [19]	Greater area deprivation was associated with a lower risk of any complication after TKA	Age, gender, living arrangements, symptom duration, comorbidity burden, baseline PROMs
Mehta et al. [44]	Patients with higher Area Deprivation Index values (less affluent areas) had a higher incidence of discharge to a facility after THA. No association seen with Area Deprivation Index and readmission	Age, gender, insurance, ECI, facility volume
Diaz et al. [14]	No differences in postoperative complications, mortality, or readmissions for patients undergoing TJA when comparing Social Vulnerability Index scores	Age, gender, race, ECI, hospital teaching status, year

CCI = Charlson comorbidity index; LOS = length of stay; ED = emergency department; ASA = American Society of Anesthesiologists; ECI = Elixhauser comorbidity index.