Skip to main content
. 2023 Jan 10;18(1):e0280110. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280110

Table 3. Demographic reporting and inclusion in empirical studies with human participants.

Category Empirical studies (N = 87) n (%)
Demographic reporting
Reported sampled age 84 (97%)
    Adults (> 18 years) 76 (90%)
    Children only 5 (6%)
    Young adults (18–24 years) only 2 (2%)
    Older adults (>65 years) 1 (1%)
Reported sex and/or gender 83 (95%)
Reported racialization and/or ethnicity 39 (45%)
Reported socioeconomic status 30 (34%)
Reported education level 22 (25%)
Reported sexual orientation 2 (2%)
Description of included participants
People prescribed medical cannabis 11 (13%)
People who use drugs 11 (13%)
People who use cannabis non-medically 4 (5%)
People prescribed opioid agonist therapy 4 (5%)
People living with:
    Cancer 8 (9%)
    Epilepsy, Dravet Syndrome, or CDKL5 deficiency disorder 8 (9%)
    Acute and chronic pain 8 (9%)
    Neuromuscular and movement disorders 6 (7%)
    HIV/AIDS 3 (3%)
    COPD 3 (3%)
    Inflammatory and autoimmune disease 2 (2%)
    Acute infection 1 (1%)
    Varicose veins 1 (1%)
    Sleepwalking 1 (1%)
    Gambling addiction 1 (1%)
    Chronic disease risk factors 1 (1%)
    Cannabis use disorder 1 (1%)
Healthy volunteers 7 (8%)
Bereaved family members or sudden death in children 3 (3%)
Military veterans 2 (2%)
Cannabis dispensary staff 1 (1%)