Table 3:

Comparison of prospective studies meeting 2017 and 2020 Lancet Commission inclusion criteria examining associations with pure-tone threshold and development of dementia^6,7

	Cohort size, N	Incident dementia, n	Mean age, years	Method of hearing testing	Median or mean follow-up, years	Adjusted HR or OR (95% CI)*
Lin et al (2011)†11	639	58	64	Automated audiometer in sound-attenuating booth	12	1·27 (1·06–1·50)
Gallacher et al (2012)13	1057	79	56	Behavioural audiometry in community clinic with background noise	17	2·67 (1·38–5·18)
Deal et al (2017)12	1889	229	76	Behavioural audiometry in sound-attenuating booth	9	1·14 (1·03–1·26)
Current study	1200	207	76	Comprehensive behavioural audiometry with audiologist in sound-attenuating booth	7	0·99 (0·89–1·12)

HR=hazard ratio. OR=odds ratio.

^*The study by Gallacher et al reported an OR to assess the odds of having hearing loss and dementia; the remaining studies listed in the table reported HRs. All HRs or ORs represent the association of a 10 decibels hearing level increase in PTA with development of dementia. All HRs or ORs were adjusted for age but studies differed in the number of additional adjusting features.

^†The study by Lin et al did not directly report mean age for the entire cohort; the summary included in this table was derived from published mean ages for the subsets of the 639 patients with and without dementia. Moreover, the reported follow-up of 12 years represents a median, not a mean.