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. 2022 Sep 22;37(1):1–19. doi: 10.1038/s41371-022-00751-4

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Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Laser scanning confocal image of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac fibroblasts activated by transforming growth factor-β stained with antibodies against α-smooth muscle actin (green) and vimentin (red). Every third to fourth cell in the left ventricle is a fibroblast. Most cardiac research has focused on the cardiomyocyte with research on cardiac fibroblasts proving more challenging. (Image provided by Ms Caitlin Hall, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham).