Table 1.

Baseline characteristics according to the presence of CKD

Variables	No CKD (n = 309)	CKD (n = 42)	Standardized mean difference	P value
Age, yr	59.7 ± 14.0	60.5 ± 11.1	0.064	0.671
Female	96 (31.1%)	7 (16.7%)	0.343	0.054
Body mass index, kg/m2	23.6 ± 3.7	22.5 ± 3.6	0.294	0.076
Hypertension	176 (57.0%)	33 (78.6%)	0.475	0.007
Diabetes mellitus	136 (44.0%)	27 (64.3%)	0.416	0.013
Chronic kidney disease	0 (0%)	42 (100%)	NA	<0.001
Stage 1	0 (0%)	7 (16.7%)
Stage 2	0 (0%)	15 (35.7%)
Stage 3	0 (0%)	16 (38.1%)
Stage 4–5	0 (0%)	4 (9.5%)
Hyperlipidemia	169 (54.7%)	28 (66.7%)	0.247	0.142
Current smoking	141 (45.6%)	24 (57.1%)	0.232	0.161
Family history of cardiovascular disease	76 (24.6%)	13 (31.0%)	0.142	0.374
Laboratory findings
High sensitivity CRP, mg/dl	0.5 ± 1.6	0.5 ± 0.9	0.021	0.876
Serum creatinine, mg/dl	0.9 ± 0.3	1.4 ± 0.9	0.860	<0.001
Estimated GFR, ml/min per 1.73 m2	87.6 ± 24.5	62.2 ± 25.4	1.018	<0.001
NT-proBNP, pg/ml	428.5 (94.0, 2,511.0)	2,954.0 (1,942.0, 6,590.0)	0.646	<0.001
Echocardiographic findings
Ejection fraction, %	62.1 ± 8.0	60.4 ± 7.6	0.231	0.158
LVEDD, mm	47.8 ± 5.3	47.0 ± 4.3	0.152	0.318
LVESD, mm	29.3 ± 4.9	29.2 ± 3.2	0.022	0.874
Septal wall thickness, mm	9.6 (8.5, 10.8)	10.4 (9.2, 11.6)	0.297	0.017
Posterior wall thickness, mm	9.2 (8.1, 10.2)	10.1 (9.6, 11.0)	0.540	<0.001
LA volume index, ml/m2	39.1 (30.1, 50.6)	56.0 (43.5, 66.1)	0.683	<0.001
Left atrial enlargementa	199 (67.0%)	39 (95.1%)	0.769	<0.001
LVMI, g/m2	110.2 ± 35.4	114.0 ± 36.2	0.105	0.531
Relative wall thickness	0.40 ± 0.10	0.45 ± 0.10	0.488	0.005
Left ventricular hypertrophyb	55 (17.9%)	14 (33.3%)	0.359	0.032
E velocity, cm/s	71.2 ± 21.9	81.8 ± 24.7	0.457	0.023
A velocity, cm/s	62.8 ± 27.3	47.0 ± 30.1	0.550	0.012
e’ velocity, cm/s	6.4 ± 2.4	6.4 ± 2.5	0.003	0.985
E/e’	10.9 (8.7, 13.9)	13.3 (9.8, 16.1)	0.288	0.018
Peak TR velocity, m/s	2.4 ± 0.4	2.5 ± 0.4	0.407	0.025
RV systolic pressure, mm Hg	28.6 ± 8.2	33.3 ± 9.4	0.528	0.007
Coronary angiographic parameters
Angiographic disease extent			0.756	0.002
Insignificant stenosis	140 (45.3%)	33 (78.6%)
1-vessel disease	62 (20.1%)	2 (4.8%)
2-vessel disease	65 (21.0%)	4 (9.5%)
3-vessel disease	40 (12.9%)	3 (7.1%)
Reference vessel diameter, mm	3.0 ± 0.6	2.9 ± 0.5	0.135	0.462
Diameter stenosis, %	38.9 ± 21.8	23.9 ± 20.1	0.713	<0.001
Lesion length, mm	13.7 ± 10.1	10.5 ± 7.3	0.369	0.060
SYNTAX score	5.9 ± 7.2	2.4 ± 5.1	0.559	<0.001
Coronary physiologic parameters
Interrogated vessels			0.451	0.073
Left anterior descending artery	226 (73.1%)	37 (88.1%)
Left circumflex artery	41 (13.3%)	1 (2.4%)
Right coronary artery	42 (13.6%)	4 (9.5%)
Resting Pd/Pa	0.92 ± 0.50	0.95 ± 0.03	0.116	0.440
FFR	0.89 ± 0.05	0.90 ± 0.05	0.250	0.119
Resting mean transit time, s	0.92 ± 0.50	0.69 ± 0.33	0.556	<0.001
Hyperemic mean transit time, s	0.33 ± 0.24	0.30 ± 0.21	0.121	0.443
CFR	3.28 ± 1.77	2.60 ± 1.09	0.465	<0.001
IMR, unit	23.52 ± 15.54	22.22 ± 13.37	0.090	0.564

CFR, coronary flow reserve; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CRP, C-reactive protein; FFR, fractional flow reserve; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; IMR, index of microcirculatory resistance; LA, left atrium; LVEDD, left ventricular end diastolic dimension; LVESD, left ventricular end systolic dimension; LVMI, left ventricular mass index; NA, not applicable; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; Pa, aortic pressure; Pd, distal pressure; RV, right ventricle; SYNTAX, Synergy Between PCI With Taxus and Cardiac Surgery; TR, tricuspid regurgitation.

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation and median with interquartile range or n (%).

^aDefined as LA volume index of >34 ml/m².

^bDefined as LVMI ≥ 115/95 g/m² (male/female) and relative wall thickness of >0.42.