Table 2.

Baseline characteristics according to CFR

Variables	CFR > 2.0 (n = 253)	CFR ≤ 2.0 (n = 98)	Standardized mean difference	P value
Age, yr	59.1 ± 13.1	61.7 ± 15.1	0.189	0.126
Female	67 (26.5%)	36 (36.7%)	0.222	0.058
Body mass index, kg/m2	23.6 ± 3.7	23.0 ± 3.7	0.162	0.175
Hypertension	149 (58.9%)	60 (61.2%)	0.048	0.690
Diabetes mellitus	123 (48.6%)	40 (40.8%)	0.157	0.189
Chronic kidney disease	27 (10.7%)	15 (15.3%)	0.138	0.230
Stage 1	6 (2.4%)	1 (1.0%)
Stage 2	12 (4.7%)	3 (3.1%)
Stage 3	8 (3.2%)	8 (8.2%)
Stage 4–5	1 (0.4%)	3 (3.1%)
Hyperlipidemia	152 (60.1%)	45 (45.9%)	0.287	0.016
Current smoking	127 (50.2%)	38 (38.8%)	0.231	0.054
Family history of cardiovascular disease	72 (28.5%)	17 (17.3%)	0.267	0.032
Laboratory findings
High sensitivity CRP, mg/dl	0.9 ± 7.1	0.5 ± 1.1	0.011	0.330
Serum creatinine, mg/dl	0.9 ± 0.4	1.0 ± 0.6	0.253	0.054
Estimated GFR, ml/min per 1.73 m2	86.9 ± 24.4	78.7 ± 28.8	0.307	0.014
NT-proBNP, pg/ml	335.0 (85.8, 2578.0)	2,119.0 (411.2, 4699.0)	0.254	<0.001
Echocardiographic findings
Ejection fraction, %	62.1 ± 7.5	61.4 ± 9.0	0.084	0.499
LVEDD, mm	48.0 ± 5.0	46.8 ± 5.6	0.222	0.071
LVESD, mm	29.4 ± 4.6	29.0 ± 5.0	0.064	0.597
Septal wall thickness, mm	9.5 (8.5, 10.4)	10.1 (8.8, 12.7)	0.514	<0.001
Posterior wall thickness, mm	9.1 (8.1, 10.1)	10.1 (8.5, 11.7)	0.517	<0.001
LA volume index, ml/m2	39.2 (30.1, 52.9)	43.5 (35.2, 56.6)	0.242	0.025
Left atrial enlargementa	164 (66.9%)	74 (79.6%)	0.288	0.032
LVMI, g/m2	105.9 ± 30.7	123.1 ± 43.3	0.458	<0.001
Relative wall thickness	0.39 ± 0.08	0.46 ± 0.13	0.552	<0.001
Left ventricular hypertrophyb	28 (11.1%)	41 (42.3%)	0.753	0.032
E velocity, cm/s	70.1 ± 19.9	78.4 ± 27.5	0.347	0.014
A velocity, cm/s	60.3 ± 25.8	64.2 ± 33.7	0.130	0.367
E’ velocity, cm/s	6.8 ± 2.3	5.5 ± 2.3	0.575	<0.001
E/e’	10.4 (8.4, 13.0)	14.2 (9.9, 20.0)	0.736	<0.001
Peak TR velocity, m/s	2.3 ± 0.3	2.5 ± 0.5	0.497	<0.001
RV systolic pressure, mm Hg	27.5 ± 6.1	33.6 ± 11.6	0.650	<0.001
Coronary angiographic parameters
Angiographic disease extent			0.240	0.250
Insignificant stenosis	122 (48.2%)	51 (52.0%)
1-vessel disease	46 (18.2%)	18 (18.4%)
2-vessel disease	53 (20.9%)	16 (16.3%)
3-vessel disease	32 (12.6%)	11 (11.2%)
Reference vessel diameter, mm	3.0 ± 0.6	2.9 ± 0.5	0.286	0.033
Diameter stenosis, %	36.6 ± 22.0	39.0 ± 22.6	0.107	0.473
Lesion length, mm	12.9 ± 9.8	14.4 ± 9.6	0.158	0.377
SYNTAX score	5.6 ± 7.2	5.2 ± 6.8	0.052	0.658
Coronary physiologic parameters
Interrogated vessels			0.287	0.077
Left anterior descending artery	182 (71.9%)	81 (82.7%)
Left circumflex artery	32 (12.6%)	10 (10.2%)
Right coronary artery	39 (15.4%)	7 (7.1%)
Resting Pd/Pa	0.96 ± 0.04	0.94 ± 0.04	0.594	<0.001
FFR	0.90 ± 0.05	0.89 ± 0.05	0.078	0.512
Resting mean transit time, s	0.99 ± 0.49	0.65 ± 0.39	0.749	<0.001
Hyperemic mean transit time, s	0.28 ± 0.17	0.47 ± 0.31	0.762	<0.001
CFR	3.89 ± 1.53	1.43 ± 0.40	2.200	<0.001
IMR, unit	20.32 ± 12.04	31.22 ± 19.48	0.673	<0.001

CFR, coronary flow reserve; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CRP, C-reactive protein; FFR, fractional flow reserve; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; IMR, index of microcirculatory resistance; LA, left atrium; LVEDD, left ventricular end diastolic dimension; LVESD, left ventricular end systolic dimension; LVMI, left ventricular mass index; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; Pa, aortic pressure; Pd, distal pressure; RV, right ventricle; SYNTAX, Synergy Between PCI With Taxus and Cardiac Surgery; TR, tricuspid regurgitation.

Data are presented as mean ± SD and median with interquartile range or n (%).

^aDefined as LA volume index of >34 ml/m².

^bDefined as LVMI ≥ 115/95 g/m² (male/female) and relative wall thickness of >0.42.