Table 3.

Multi-moderator analyses for depression outcomes

	Moderator level	d	SE	Z	P	CI
Intercept		1.22	0.17	7.20	< .0001	0.88 to 1.56
Region	UK	Ref
	North America	− 0.04	0.10	− 0.34	0.733	− 0.24 to 0.17
	Mainland Europe	− 0.25	0.13	− 1.94	0.053	− 0.50 to 0.00
	Asia	− 0.62	0.24	− 2.62	0.001*	− 1.09 to − 0.16
	Australasia	− 0.49	0.26	− 1.87	0.062	− 1.01 to 0.02
Severity	Mild	Ref
	Moderate	− 0.13	0.11	− 1.17	0.241	− 0.34 to 0.09
	Severe	− 0.10	0.15	− 0.70	0.482	− 0.39 to 0.18
	University (mild-to-severe)	0.20	0.15	1.34	0.180	− 0.01 to 0.93
Therapy modality	Cognitive-behavioural	Ref
	Psychodynamic	0.07	0.11	0.62	0.540	− 0.15 to 0.28
	Counselling	− 0.27	0.23	− 1.19	0.236	− 0.71 to 0.18
	Other	− 0.04	0.12	− 0.33	0.742	− 0.28 to 0.12
Treatment stage	Preliminary studies	Ref
	Routine evaluations	− 0.12	0.13	− 0.99	0.324	− 0.37 to 0.12
Analysis	Includes lost to follow up	Ref
	Completers	0.16	0.13	2.01	0.045*	0.00 to 0.32
Experience	Qualified staff	Ref
	Trainees	− 0.29	0.14	− 2.06	0.039*	− 0.57 to − 0.01
Sample size	Large	Ref
	Medium	− 0.15	0.10	− 1.44	0.151	− 0.35 to 0.05
	Small	− 0.21	0.11	− 1.83	0.069	− 0.43 to 0.02
Publication year		− 0.001	0.01	− 0.19	0.851	− 0.01 to 0.01
Sample age		− 0.004	0.01	− 0.67	0.503	− 0.02 to 0.01
% Female		0.13	0.23	0.56	0.574	− 0.33 to 0.59

k = 124, Tau² = 0.17[SE = 0.02], I² = 99.99%, R² = 19.28%

* = < .05